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Ephedra
Taxonomy
Ephedra was named by Linnaeus (1753). It is extant. Its type is Ephedra distachya.
It was assigned to Ephedraceae by Dumortier (1829), Lakhanpal et al. (1976), Chauhan (1991), Cladera et al. (2007), Wang and Zheng (2010).
It was assigned to Ephedraceae by Dumortier (1829), Lakhanpal et al. (1976), Chauhan (1991), Cladera et al. (2007), Wang and Zheng (2010).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1753 | Ephedra Linnaeus p. 1040 |
| 1829 | Ephedra Dumortier p. 12 |
| 1976 | Ephedra Lakhanpal et al. |
| 1991 | Ephedra Chauhan |
| 2007 | Ephedra Cladera et al. |
| 2010 | Ephedra Wang and Zheng |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Ephedra Linnaeus 1753
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Ephedra distachya Linnaeus 1753
†Ephedra hongtaoi Wang and Zheng 2010
Ephedra monostachya Linnaeus 1753
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Barremian to the top of the Holocene or 125.77000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 121.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 121.4 Ma
Collections (97 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barremian | China (Liaoning) | E. hongtaoi (242115) | |
| Aptian | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | E. verticillata (150879) | |
| Aptian | Mexico (Chiapas) | E. sp. (68835) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Danian | Antarctica | E. notensis (168697) | |
| Early/Lower Paleocene - Danian | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | E. notensis (168705) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Missouri) | E. voluta type (231963 231965 232056) | |
| Paleocene - Eocene | USA (Virginia) | E. voluta (233017) | |
| Eocene | USA (Missouri) | E. claricristata (231933) E. hungarica (231931) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Alabama) | E. hungarica type (236389) | |
| Middle Eocene | Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) | E. sp. (169358) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Virginia) | E. fusiformis (231698) | |
| Chadronian | USA (Colorado) | E. miocenica (24209) | |
| Oligocene - Miocene | USA (Maryland) | E. sp. (231836) | |
| Chattian | Azerbaijan | E. sp. (116637) | |
| Aquitanian | Azerbaijan | E. sp. (116623 116633) | |
| Miocene | USA (Maryland) | E. sp. (231835) | |
| Miocene | North Atlantic | E. fragilis (263230) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | North Atlantic | E. fragilis (263458) | |
| Burdigalian | Azerbaijan | E. sp. (116625 116627 116629 116635) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Poland (Silesia) | E. fragilis (28443) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Virginia) | E. sp. (126605) | |
| Tortonian | Türkiye (Yalova) | E. sp. (184470) | |
| Pliocene | North Atlantic | E. fragilis (263226 263227 265143) | |
| Pliocene | Portugal | E. sp. (232124) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Kashmir) | E. sp. (224612 224613 224614 224751) | |
| Pleistocene | North Atlantic | E. distachya (262359 262360 262421 264295 264728 264731 264944 264946 264947 265140) E. fragilis (262358 263223 263297 263639 263640 264291 264381 264382 264729 264730 264735 264949 265139) E. fragilis, E. distachya (262361 262420 262422 263298 263457 264292 264293 264294 264296 264384 264732 264734 264945 264948 265136 265456) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | North Atlantic | E. distachya (264727) E. fragilis (264943) E. fragilis, E. distachya (262356 264289) | |
| Quaternary | India (Himachal Pradesh) | E. sp. (228760 228761 228776) | |
| Quaternary | India (Rajasthan) | E. sp. (228785 228789 228811 228812) | |
| Ionian (interglacial) | Italy (Apulia) | E. sp. (157640) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Italy | E. sp. (38321) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Washington) | E. sp. (93677) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Utah) | E. viridis (93326) | |
| Holocene | India (Uttarakhand) | E. sp. (228762 228763) | |
| Holocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | E. sp. (136951) | |
| Holocene | India (Himachal Pradesh) | E. sp. (228780 228781) | |
| Holocene | North Atlantic | E. fragilis (264380) |