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Polyglyphanodontia

Osteichthyes

Taxonomy
Polyglyphanodontia was named by Alifanov (2000).

It was assigned to Squamata by Longrich et al. (2012); to Toxicofera by Reeder et al. (2015); and to Scincomorpha by de Carvalho and Santucci (2023).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2000Polyglyphanodontia Alifanov
2012Polyglyphanodontia Longrich et al.
2015Polyglyphanodontia Reeder et al.
2023Polyglyphanodontia de Carvalho and Santucci

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
RankNameAuthor
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Squamata()
—Scincomorpha()
—PolyglyphanodontiaAlifanov 2000
—PolyglyphanodontiaAlifanov 2000

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Polyglyphanodontia Alifanov 2000
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Unr. †Borioteiioidea Nydam et al. 2007
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Fm. †Chamopsiidae Denton and O'Neill 1995
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G. †Chamops Marsh 1892
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†Chamops segnis Marsh 1892
Invalid names: Alethesaurus Gilmore 1928 [synonym], Lanceosaurus Gilmore 1928 [synonym]
G. †Haptosphenus Estes 1964
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†Haptosphenus placodon Estes 1964
G. †Leptochamops Estes 1964
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†Leptochamops denticulatus Gilmore 1928
†Leptochamops thrinax Gao and Fox 1991
G. †Meniscognathus Estes 1964
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†Meniscognathus altmani Estes 1964
†Meniscognathus molybrochoros Nydam and Voci 2007
G. †Pelsochamops Makadi 2013
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†Pelsochamops infrequens Makadi 2013
G. †Peneteius Estes 1969
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†Peneteius aquilonius Estes 1969
†Peneteius saueri McCord 1998
Invalid names: Manangyasaurus McCord 1998 [synonym]
G. †Prototeius Denton and O'Neill 1995
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†Prototeius stageri Denton and O'Neill 1995
G. †Socognathus Gao and Fox 1991
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†Socognathus brachyodon Longrich et al. 2012
†Socognathus unicuspis Gao and Fox 1991
G. †Stypodontosaurus Gao and Fox 1996
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†Stypodontosaurus melletes Gao and Fox 1996
G. †Tripennaculus Nydam and Voci 2007
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†Tripennaculus eatoni Nydam and Voci 2007
G. †Cryptobicuspidon de Carvalho and Santucci 2023
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†Cryptobicuspidon pachysymphysealis de Carvalho and Santucci 2023
G. †Hydrargysaurus Wick and Shiller, II 2020
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†Hydrargysaurus gladius Wick and Shiller, II 2020
G. †Kuwajimalla Evans and Manabe 2008
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†Kuwajimalla kagaensis Evans and Manabe 2008
G. †Obamadon Longrich et al. 2012
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†Obamadon gracilis Longrich et al. 2012
Fm. †Polyglyphanodontidae Gilmore 1942
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G. †Adamisaurus Sulimski 1972
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†Adamisaurus magnidentatus Sulimski 1972
G. †Bicuspidon Nydam and Cifelli 2002
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†Bicuspidon hatzegiensis Folie and Codrea 2005
†Bicuspidon hogreli Vullo and Rage 2018
†Bicuspidon numerosus Nydam and Cifelli 2002
†Bicuspidon smikros Nydam 2013
G. †Caninosaurus Wang et al. 2025
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†Caninosaurus ganzhouensis Wang et al. 2025
G. †Cherminsaurus Sulimski 1975
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†Cherminsaurus kozlowskii Sulimski 1975
†Cherminsaurus tereschenkoi Alifanov 2000
G. †Darchansaurus Sulimski 1975
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†Darchansaurus estesi Sulimski 1975
G. †Distortodon Makadi 2013
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†Distortodon rhomboideus Makadi 2013
G. †Erdenetesaurus Sulimski 1975
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†Erdenetesaurus robinsonae Sulimski 1975
G. †Gilmoreteius Langer 1998
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†Gilmoreteius chulsanensis Sulimski 1975
†Gilmoreteius ferrugenous Gilmore 1943
†Gilmoreteius gilmorei Sulimski 1975
Invalid names: Macrocephalosaurus Gilmore 1943 [replaced]
G. †Gobinatus Alifanov 1993
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†Gobinatus arenosus Alifanov 1993
G. †Paraglyphanodon Gilmore 1940
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†Paraglyphanodon gazini Gilmore 1943
†Paraglyphanodon utahensis Gilmore 1940
G. †Polyglyphanodon Gilmore 1940
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Unr. †Polyglyphanodontini Nydam et al. 2007
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G. †Dicothodon Nydam 1999
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†Dicothodon bajaensis Nydam 1999
†Dicothodon cifellii Nydam et al. 2007
†Dicothodon moorensis Nydam 1999
G. †Sineoamphisbaena Wu et al. 1993
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G. †Tchingisaurus Alifanov 1993
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†Tchingisaurus multivagus Alifanov 1993
Subfm. †Tuberocephalosaurinae Alifanov 2000
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G. †Aprisaurus Alifanov 2000
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†Aprisaurus bidentatus Alifanov 2000
G. †Funiusaurus Xu et al. 2014
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†Funiusaurus luanchuanensis Xu et al. 2014
G. †Gobileon Alifanov 2000
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†Gobileon emersoculatus Alifanov 2000
G. †Tianyusaurus Lü et al. 2008
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†Tianyusaurus zhengi Lü et al. 2008
G. †Tuberocephalosaurus Alifanov 2000
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Invalid names: Adamisauridae Sulimski 1972 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
N. R. Longrich et al. 2012Polyglyphanodon sternbergi and all species closer to Polyglyphanodon sternbergi than to any extant species. This taxon includes Borioteiioidea as defined by Nydam et al. (26). However, Borioteiioidea is a node-based taxon, whereas Polygyphanodontia is a stem-based taxon, and would therefore include any species which were found to lie along the stem of Borioteiioidea
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialuc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Barremian to the top of the Clarkforkian or 125.77000 to 56.00000 Ma

Collections (137 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Barremian125.77 - 121.4Japan (Ishikawa) Squamata indet. F (32324)
Barremian - Aptian125.77 - 113.2Brazil (Minas Gerais) Cryptobicuspidon pachysymphysealis (232206)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Utah) Dicothodon sp. (181360)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) Bicuspidon hogreli (196796)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Utah) Bicuspidon numerosus (14398 14400 14401 14403 14405 23501) Bicuspidon numerosus, Polyglyphanodontinae indet., Polyglyphanodontinae indet. (14399) Teiidae indet. (14396 14407)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Utah) Bicuspidon smikros (14385 73433)
Late/Upper Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (Utah) Dicothodon cifellii (75848) Dicothodon sp. (14415)
Middle Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (Utah) Chamops segnis (181356) Dicothodon cifellii (14416)
Coniacian - Santonian89.8 - 83.6USA (Utah) Leptochamops sp. (73436)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6Canada (Alberta) Chamops sp. (14425 14428)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6Hungary (Veszprém) Distortodon rhomboideus, Bicuspidon hatzegiensis, Pelsochamops infrequens (48722)
Santonian - Campanian85.7 - 72.2China (Jiangxi) Caninosaurus ganzhouensis (275762)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2Mongolia (Omnogov) Adamisaurus magnidentatus (68519 68520 68521 68522 68523) Adamisaurus magnidentatus, Tchingisaurus multivagus (45329)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Texas) Socognathus sp., Borioteiioidea indet., Chamopsiidae indet. 1, Chamopsiidae indet. 2, Chamopsiidae indet., Hydrargysaurus gladius (200385)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Utah) Chamops segnis, Leptochamops denticulatus, Meniscognathus altmani (14421)
Judithian83.6 - 72.2USA (Utah) Leptochamops sp., Manangyasaurus saueri (14467)
Judithian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Socognathus unicuspis (116537) Socognathus unicuspis, Leptochamops denticulatus, Leptochamops thrinax (14463)
Judithian83.6 - 72.2USA (Wyoming) Leptochamops thrinax (14458)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Leptochamops sp. (45674 45822 45892 45893 45897 45898 45899) Socognathus unicuspis (45671 89604)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (New Jersey) Haptosphenus sp., Chamops sp., Leptochamops sp. (14455)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Mongolia (Omnogov) Adamisaurus magnidentatus (37013 37016 51033) Macrocephalosaurus ferrugenous (46152) Macrocephalosaurus sp., Adamisaurus magnidentatus, Gobinatus arenosus (37184)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (New Mexico) Chamops segnis (36449) Chamopsiidae indet. (209046) Leptochamops denticulatus (52052)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Utah) Chamops segnis (75836 75847) Chamops segnis, Manangyasaurus saueri, Tripennaculus eatoni (14466) Leptochamops sp., Meniscognathus molybrochoros (75846) Peneteius saueri (75849 75850)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Mexico (Baja California) Dicothodon bajaensis (195102 195103 195104 195105 197021) Polyglyphanodon bajaensis (14456 231484)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Mexico (Coahuila) Peneteius aquilonius (154244)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2China (Nei Mongol) Adamisaurus magnidentatus (118301 118302) Adamisaurus magnidentatus, Sineoamphisbaena hexatabularis (118300)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Utah) Chamops segnis (61844)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Leptochamops sp. (45561 45564 45566 45567 45820) Socognathus unicuspis (45565 45670)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Texas) Chamops sp. (68001 68003) Peneteius sp. (68006)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Leptochamops sp. (45819 45894) Socognathus unicuspis (45821)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Montana) Leptochamops denticulatus (14446)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Mongolia (Omnogov) Adamisaurus magnidentatus, Erdenetesaurus robinsonae (28243) Adamisaurus magnidentatus, Erdenetesaurus robinsonae, Cherminsaurus kozlowskii (62914) Adamisaurus magnidentatus, Macrocephalosaurus chulsanensis, Macrocephalosaurus gilmorei (13776) Aprisaurus bidentatus, Tuberocephalosaurus pompabilis, Macrocephalosaurus sulimskii (58105) Gobileon emersoculatus, Cherminsaurus tereschenkoi (118256) Gobinatus arenosus, Tchingisaurus multivagus (11582) Macrocephalosaurus chulsanensis (189007) Macrocephalosaurus chulsanensis, Gobinatus arenosus (62913) Macrocephalosaurus gilmorei, Darchansaurus estesi, Cherminsaurus kozlowskii (13777)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0USA (Colorado) Peneteius sp. (167302)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Leptochamops sp., Borioteiioidea indet. (135741) Squamata indet. (55363)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Chamops segnis (14577 14598) Chamops segnis, Chamops denticulatus (14606) Chamops segnis, Haptosphenus placodon, Leptochamops denticulatus, Meniscognathus altmani (14519 14566) Chamops segnis, Meniscognathus altmani (14505 14524) Haptosphenus placodon, Meniscognathus altmani (14538) Leptochamops denticulatus (14540 70343) Meniscognathus sp., Chamops segnis, Leptochamops denticulatus (14514) Obamadon gracilis (26626) Socognathus brachyodon (137531)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (New Mexico) Chamops sp. (14518)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (Montana) Chamops segnis (14534) Chamops segnis, Haptosphenus placodon, Peneteius aquilonius, Leptochamops denticulatus (14549) Chamops segnis, Peneteius aquilonius, Leptochamops denticulatus, Obamadon gracilis (14508) Haptosphenus placodon, Leptochamops denticulatus (14568) Leptochamops denticulatus (14574 14654)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Chamops segnis, Haptosphenus placodon, Leptochamops denticulatus, Meniscognathus altmani (14655) Chamops segnis, Haptosphenus placodon, Leptochamops denticulatus, Meniscognathus altmani, Iguanidae n. gen. B, Scincomorpha n. gen. B, Scincomorpha n. gen. A (14558)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (Colorado) Chamopsiidae Laramie chamopsiid (14640)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (South Dakota) Chamops segnis (192251) Chamops segnis, Leptochamops denticulatus, Meniscognathus altmani (14537)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Chamops segnis (14632) Chamops segnis, Haptosphenus placodon, Stypodontosaurus melletes (14630)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (New Mexico) Peneteius sp. (59068)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Romania (Hunedoara) Bicuspidon hatzegiensis (48445)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Utah) Paraglyphanodon utahensis, Paraglyphanodon gazini, Lacertilia indet. (45721)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Montana) Chamops segnis, Haptosphenus placodon, Peneteius aquilonius, Leptochamops denticulatus, Meniscognathus altmani (13142)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Chamops segnis, Chamops denticulatus (118461 118466) Chamops segnis, Haptosphenus placodon, Leptochamops denticulatus, Meniscognathus altmani (14585)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0China (Henan) Funiusaurus luanchuanensis (166883) Tianyusaurus zhengi (84996)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0China (Jiangxi) Tianyusaurus zhengi (114966)
Pu166.0 - 63.4USA (Montana) Chamopsiidae indet. (14762)
Clarkforkian57.5 - 56.0USA (Montana) Chamops segnis (15079)