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Philhedra

Craniata - Craniida - Craniidae

Taxonomy
Philhedra was named by Koken (1889) [Sepkoski's age data: O Llvi C Vise-l Sepkoski's reference number: 2,9]. Its type is Philhedra baltica.

It was assigned to Craniidae by Temple (1987), Williams et al. (2000); and to Acrotretida by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1889Philhedra Koken
1987Philhedra Temple p. 28
2000Philhedra Williams et al. p. 182
2002Philhedra Sepkoski

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
RankNameAuthor
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumCraniiformeaPopov et al. 1993
classCraniata
orderCraniidaWaagen 1885
superfamilyCranioidea(Menke 1828)
familyCraniidaeMenke 1828
genusPhilhedraKoken 1889

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Philhedra Koken 1889
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†Philhedra acutilirata Talent 1963
†Philhedra athenae Whittard and Barker 1950
†Philhedra baltica Koken 1889
†Philhedra cribrum Temple 1958
†Philhedra grayii Davidson 1866
†Philhedra laelia Hall 1866
†Philhedra megalophthalma Temple 1968
†Philhedra pauciradiata Benedetto 2015
†Philhedra playfairi Reed 1917
†Philhedra pulchelloides Chapman 1913
†Philhedra rowleyi Gurley 1883
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Invalid names: Crania blairi Miller 1892 [synonym]
†Philhedra stawyensis Temple 1965
†Philhedra trigonalis M'Coy 1844
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calciteo
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 10 to < 100g
Adult width: 10 to < 100g
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10g
Folds: noneg
Ribbing: noneg
Spines: minorg
Internal reinforcement: noneg
Environment: marinec
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yesp
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Comments: BODY SIZE: Data from Williams et al. (2000).g
Created: 2009-06-06 10:31:43
Modified: 2009-06-06 12:31:43
Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class, p = phylum
References: Williams et al. 1996, Hendy 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Darriwilian to the top of the Kinderhookian or 469.40000 to 351.90000 Ma

Collections (94 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Darriwilian469.4 - 458.2Argentina (San Juan) P. pauciradiata (195044)
Soudleyan - Marshbrookian458.2 - 454.0China (JiangSu) P. sp. (7943)
Blackriveran457.3 - 449.6USA (Oklahoma) P. sp. (23893)
Shermanian457.3 - 449.6USA (Tennessee) Crania laelia (5368)
Trentonian457.3 - 449.6USA (Iowa) P. sp. (330)
Longvillian457.2 - 455.0Ireland (Lenister) P. sp. (55710)
Burrellian456.6 - 452.5United Kingdom (Scotland) P. playfairi (165038)
Oandu452.8 - 451.8Estonia P. sp. (197550)
Oandu452.8 - 451.8Estonia (Kuusiku) P. sp. (37777)
Edenian451.0 - 450.2USA (Pennsylvania) P. laelia (34895)
Maysvillian450.2 - 449.6USA (Ohio) P. sp. (350)
Maysvillian450.2 - 449.6USA (Tennessee) Crania laelia (5374)
Kralodvorian450.1 - 445.2Czechia (Praha) P. sp. (151985 151986)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5USA (Indiana) P. sp. (400)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5USA (Ohio) P. sp. (395)
Richmondian - Ashgill449.6 - 443.1USA (Ohio) P. sp. (394)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.1USA (Indiana) P. laelia (64224)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.1USA (Tennessee) Crania laelia (5393)
Wufeng449.4 - 443.1China (Hubei) P. sp. (4687)
Cautleyan - Rawtheyan449.2 - 445.2United Kingdom (Wales) P. grayii (8291)
Rawtheyan448.8 - 445.2United Kingdom (England) P. sp. (3667)
Rawtheyan - Hirnantian448.8 - 443.1Norway (Oslo-Asker Dist.) P. sp. (365)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.1Sweden P. sp. (2768)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.1China (Hubei) P. sp. (25816)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.1Norway (Oslo-Asker District) P. sp. (364)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.1China (Sichuan) P. sp. (25735)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.1Norway (Oslo-Asker Dist.) P. sp. (439)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.1United Kingdom (England) P. stawyensis (151589)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.1Sweden (Dalarne) P. sp. (73455)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.1United Kingdom (Wales) P. sp. (153336)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.1Poland P. stawyensis (2760)
Kosovian445.2 - 443.1Czechia P. sp. (3882)
Rhuddanian443.1 - 440.5United Kingdom (Wales) P. cribum (3472) P. grayii (5054) P. megalophthalma (5049 5081)
Rhuddanian - Aeronian443.1 - 438.6United Kingdom (Wales) P. grayii, P. megalophthalma (4961)
Llandovery443.1 - 432.9United Kingdom (Wales) P. grayii (3207)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9United Kingdom (England) P. athenae (72417) P. frayi (49638) P. morrisi (49635)
Sheinwoodian432.9 - 430.6Sweden P. sp. (77533)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7United Kingdom (England) P. siluriana (49640)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7USA (New York) P. sp. (13050)
Wenlock - Silurian432.9 - 419.62USA (Wisconsin) P. magnacostata (13040 13104)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62Australia (Victoria) P. acutilirata (75691 75693 75698) P. pulchelloides (75683)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62Austria (Styrian) P. epigonus (154376)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Iowa) P. sheldoni (93842 93843 93844)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Ohio) P. crenistriatula (38457 38460)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (New York) Crania crenistriata (5664 89651 89652 89659 89670 89672 89706 94433)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Indiana) P. stewarti (66001) P. stewarti, P. crenistriata (55670)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) P. trigonalis (38298 38299 38327)
Late/Upper Famennian365.2 - 358.86USA (Utah) Crania rowleyi (7168)
Late/Upper Famennian365.2 - 358.86USA (Missouri) Crania rowleyi (6027 6029 6041)
Late/Upper Famennian365.2 - 358.86USA (Montana) Crania rowleyi (642 643 7124 7126 7127 7130 7138 7143 7149 7150 7156 7162 7164 7165)
Kinderhookian358.86 - 351.9USA (Texas) P. sp. (62494 62497)
Kinderhookian358.86 - 351.9USA (Montana) Crania blairi (7372)
Tournaisian358.86 - 346.7USA (Missouri) P. sp. (65693)
Ivorian353.7 - 346.7USA (Texas) P. sp. (1)
Ivorian - Chadian353.7 - 339.9Ireland Crania trigonalis (76501)