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Gyrinodon

Mammalia - Notoungulata - Toxodontidae

Taxonomy
Gyrinodon was named by Hopwood (1928). Its type is Gyrinodon quassus.

It was assigned to Toxodontidae by Hopwood (1928); and to Dinotoxodontinae by Madden (1997).

Species
G. quassus (type species)

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1928Gyrinodon Hopwood
1997Gyrinodon Madden

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
—Paenungulatomorpha
—PaenungulataSimpson 1945
—Sudamericungulata
orderNotoungulata
suborderToxodontiaAmeghino 1887
—Eutoxodontia
familyToxodontidae
subfamilyDinotoxodontinae
genusGyrinodon

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Gyrinodon Hopwood 1928
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†Gyrinodon quassus Hopwood 1928
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
A. T. Hopwood 1928Frontal region of skull passing gently into the anterior portion of the temporal fossa. Post-orbital processes greatly reduced. Neither the superior margin of the orbit nor the roof of the nasal chamber is inflated. Upper lateral incisor curved in an arc of 180º or more. First and second upper molars with slight metaloph; third molar with long, concave ectoloph, but no metaloph. Mandibular symphysis not extending backwards to the second lower molar. Third lower molar without a second, posterior fold in the enamel of the lingual surface.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialsubc
Diet: herbivoreo
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2009-01-05 17:11:49
Modified: 2009-01-05 19:11:49
Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, MacFadden et al. 1996, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Miocene to the top of the Pliocene or 11.60800 to 2.58800 Ma

Collections (5 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Brazil (Acre) G. quasus (55602)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Venezuela (Falcon) G. sp. (146421 146422 146423)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Venezuela (Zulia) G. quassus (145454)