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Schizophoria

Rhynchonellata - Orthida - Schizophoriidae

Taxonomy
Schizophoria was named by King (1850) [Sepkoski's age data: S Ldov-u P Dora Sepkoski's reference number: 651,1066]. It is not extant.

It was reranked as Orthis (Schizophoria) by Reed (1944).

It was assigned to Orthis by Reed (1944); to Orthida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Schizophoriidae by Williams et al. (2000), Stigall Rode (2005).

Species
Orthis (Schizophoria) iowensis, Orthis (Schizophoria) subquadrata, S. (Eoschizophoria), S. (Rhenoschizophoria), S. (Schizophoria), S. amanaensis, S. annanaensis, S. chouteauensis, S. depressa, S. fragilis, S. kintaensis, S. kutsingensis, S. lata, S. nevadaensis, S. paraprima, S. parenteletiformis, S. peculiaris, S. poststriatula, S. resupinata, S. rhomboidalis, S. striatula, S. striatula, S. sulcata, S. supracarbonica, S. swallowi, S. tani, S. upensis, S. verulamensis, S. vulvaria
Species lacking formal opinion data
S. allani, S. altirostris, S. antiqua, S. athabascensis, S. athabaskensis, S. athabaskensis, S. athabaskensis, S. athabaskiensis, S. austalis, S. bicissa, S. bisinuata, S. bistriata, S. bistriata, S. blankenheimensis, S. blankenheimsensis, S. compacta, S. connivens, S. connivens, S. dorsata, S. excellens, S. fascicostella, S. fecunda, S. ferronensis, S. floydensis, S. floydensis, S. floydia, S. fossula, S. fossula, S. gibbera, S. gigantea, S. hortonensis, S. imbricata, S. ivanovi, S. keyserlingiana, S. landoni, S. latisulcata, S. laudoni, S. laudoni, S. lianghetangensis, S. linguata, S. macfarlanei, S. macfarlani, S. mayesensis, S. mcfarlanei, S. mesacarina, S. mesoloba, S. minor, S. mulistriata, S. multistriata, S. multistriata, S. nevadensis, S. nuda, S. palliata, S. postriatula, S. praecursor, S. propinqua, S. protonevadensis, S. resupinata, S. resupinoides, S. resupinoides, S. rotundata, S. runegatensis, S. schnuri, S. schnuri, S. schnuri, S. senecta, S. shubarica, S. similis, S. simpsoni, S. striatula, S. striatula, S. striatula, S. strophodonta, S. subelliptica, S. texana, S. timanica, S. tioga, S. traversensis, S. tulliensis, S. tulliensis, S. uchtensis, S. warreni, S. with, S. zephyrina

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1850Schizophoria King p. 106
1944Orthis (Schizophoria) Reed p. 8
2000Schizophoria Williams et al. p. 840
2002Schizophoria Sepkoski
2005Schizophoria Stigall Rode pp. 147 - 148

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
RankNameAuthor
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classRhynchonellataWilliams et al. 1996
orderOrthidaSchuchert and Cooper 1932
suborderDalmanellidinaMoore 1952
superfamilyEnteletoideaWaagen 1884
familySchizophoriidaeSchuchert and Le Vene 1929
genusSchizophoria

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Schizophoria King 1850
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†Orthis (Schizophoria) iowensis Hall and Clarke 1892
Subg. †Schizophoria (Schizophoria) King 1850
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Invalid names: Schizophoria (Schizophoria) meeki Fenton and Fenton 1928 [synonym]
†Schizophoria (Schizophoria) magna Fenton and Fenton 1924
†Schizophoria amanaensis Stainbrook 1945
†Schizophoria annanaensis Stainbrook 1945
†Schizophoria depressa Easton 1962
†Schizophoria fragilis Kozlowski 1929
†Schizophoria kintaensis Shi and Waterhouse 1991
†Schizophoria lata Stainbrook 1940
†Schizophoria nevadaensis Merriam 1940
†Schizophoria paraprima Johnson et al. 1973
†Schizophoria resupinata Martin 1809
†Schizophoria striatula Girty 1900
†Schizophoria striatula von Schlotheim 1813
†Schizophoria sulcata Easton et al. 1958
†Schizophoria supracarbonica Tschernyschew 1902
†Schizophoria swallowi Weller 1914
†Schizophoria tani Huang 1933
†Schizophoria upensis Sarycheva and Sokolskaja 1952
†Schizophoria verulamensis Cvancara 1958
†Schizophoria vulvaria von Schlotheim 1820
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
A. L. Stigall Rode 2005Transversely semioval, weakly uniplicate valves;
ventral interior with strong teeth and dental plates extending
forward as ridges laterally confining the muscle field;
dorsal interarea with prominent, crenulated cardinal process
(Harper 2000). For additional characters see Pocock (1966)
and Jansen (2001).
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
shell height413.78.4016.515.93.88

Composition: low Mg calcitep
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 10 to < 100g
Adult width: 10 to < 100g
Folds: noneg
Ribbing: minorg
Spines: noneg
Internal reinforcement: noneg
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yeso
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Comments: BODY SIZE: Data from Williams et al (2002).g
Created: 2009-06-04 09:19:35
Modified: 2009-06-04 11:19:35
Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013, Hendy 2009

Age range: base of the Telychian to the top of the Changhsingian or 438.60000 to 251.90200 Ma

Collections (1061 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Silurian443.1 - 419.62Australia (Victoria) S. sp. (10191)
Silurian443.1 - 419.62USA (California) S. striatula (229253 229257 230235)
Niagaran439.4 - 422.7USA (Ohio) S. impressa (475)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9Canada (Quebec) S. senecta (184842)
Ludlow426.7 - 422.7China (Yunnan) Eoschizophoria sp. (25818) S. hesta (27796)
Ludlow426.7 - 422.7Canada (Yukon) S. fragilis (23078)
Ludlow - Pridoli426.7 - 419.62China (Nei Mongol) S. sp. (25819 27903)
Ludlow - Pridoli426.7 - 419.62China (Yunnan) Eoschizophoria hesta (25786 25787 25794 25821 25822 25823 25824 25825 25826 25827)
Ludlow - Pridoli426.7 - 419.62USA (California) S. bisinuata (79807)
Ludfordian425.0 - 422.7USA (Indiana) S. sp. (6706)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Roadian274.4 - 266.9China (Xinjiang) S. sp. (123272)
Roadian - Capitanian274.4 - 259.51China (Sichuan) S. tani (110970)
Wordian266.9 - 264.28China (Sichuan) S. sp. (135834)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51Malaysia (Pahang) S. sp. (42716 42726 42727 42728 42730 42731 42732 42733)
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14China (Hubei) S. parenteletiformis (107749)
Wuchiapingian259.51 - 254.14China (Guizhou) S. parenteletiformis (111054) S. rhomboidalis (111066)
Lopingian259.51 - 251.902China (Jiangxi) Orthis pecosii (109628)
Lopingian259.51 - 251.902Pakistan Orthis subquadrata (236245)
Changhsingian254.14 - 251.902China (Chongqing) S. sp. (148548)
Changhsingian254.14 - 251.902China (Guangxi) S. sp. (149218)