PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Chlidonias

Reptilia - Charadriiformes - Laridae

Taxonomy

Chlidonias was named by Rafinesque (1822). It is extant. Its type is Sterna nigra.

It was assigned to Sterninae by Hay (1930), Wetmore (1940) and Wetmore (1956); to Sternidae by Smith (2011); and to Laridae by Mlikovsky (2002) and Clements et al. (2017).

Species

C. albostriatus, C. niger

Synonyms

Hydrochelidon was named by Boie.

It was synonymized subjectively with Chlidonias by Clements et al. (2017).

It was assigned to Longipennes by Shufeldt (1891); and to Laridae by Hay (1902).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1822	Chlidonias Rafinesque
1891	Hydrochelidon Shufeldt p. 818
1902	Hydrochelidon Hay p. 525
1930	Chlidonias Hay p. 342
1940	Chlidonias Wetmore p. 62
1956	Chlidonias Wetmore p. 77
2002	Chlidonias Mlikovsky p. 138
2011	Chlidonias Smith p. 30 figs. Figure 14
2017	Chlidonias Clements et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
class	Aves
order	Charadriiformes	Huxley 1867
suborder	Lari	Sharpe 1891
infraorder	Larides
superfamily	Laroidea	Stejneger 1885
family	Laridae	Vigors 1825
genus	Chlidonias	Rafinesque 1822

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Chlidonias Rafinesque 1822

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Chlidonias albostriatus Gray 1845 [black-fronted tern]

Chlidonias niger Linnaeus 1758 [black tern]

Invalid names: Hydrochelidon Boie [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

carnivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2017-04-17 10:41:05

Modified:

2017-04-17 10:41:05

Source: subo = suborder, o = order

References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875, Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Pleistocene to the top of the Holocene or 0.12900 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.0117 Ma

Collections (7 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Greece (Peloponnesus)	C. sp. (184245)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Spain	C. niger (197938)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Oregon)	C. nigra (93251)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	India	C. niger (177353)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	New Zealand	Sterna albostriata (100554 194619 195151)