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Borealis
Taxonomy
Borealis was named by Boucot et al. (1971) [Sepkoski's age data: S Ldov-l S Ldov-m Sepkoski's reference number: 24,25]. It is not extant.
It was assigned to Pentamerinae by Temple (1987); to Virgianinae by Williams et al. (2002); and to Pentamerida by Sepkoski (2002).
It was assigned to Pentamerinae by Temple (1987); to Virgianinae by Williams et al. (2002); and to Pentamerida by Sepkoski (2002).
Species
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1971 | Borealis Boucot et al. |
| 1987 | Borealis Temple p. 100 |
| 2002 | Borealis Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Borealis Williams et al. p. 963 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Borealis Boucot et al. 1971
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†Borealis borealis Eichwald 1842
†Borealis borealis schmidti Lebedev 1892
†Borealis cristiformis Modzalevskaya 1985
†Borealis nana Nikiforova and Andreeva 1961
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013 | |||||
Age range: base of the Juuru to the top of the Early/Lower Emsian or 443.10000 to 399.50000 Ma
Collections (52 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juuru | Estonia (Rapla) | Pentamerus borealis (175044 206884) | |
| Juuru | Estonia (Järva) | B. borealis (193099) Pentamerus borealis (174979) | |
| Juuru | Estonia (Hiiu) | B. borealis (193616 195418) Pentamerus borealis (206927) | |
| Juuru | Estonia (Lääne) | B. borealis (195633 195634) Pentamerus borealis (174969 193727 193730) | |
| Juuru | Estonia (Viljandi) | Pentamerus borealis (193804) | |
| Juuru | Estonia (Hiuu) | B. borealis (193095) Pentamerus borealis (206936) | |
| Juuru | Estonia | B. borealis (77386 195424 195425 195593) Pentamerus borealis (174165 174167 174171 193724 206883 206923 206934 206938 206939) | |
| Juuru | Estonia (Jõgeva) | Pentamerus borealis (197468 206933) | |
| Rhuddanian - Aeronian | Russian Federation | B. cristiformis (185955 185956) | |
| Rhuddanian - Aeronian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | B. borealis (206542 206543 206560) B. nanus (206465 206484) | |
| Llandovery | China (Guizhou) | B. sp. (25747 27898) | |
| Llandovery | Russian Federation (Yakutiya) | B. borealis (79506 79507 79509 79510 79511 79512) | |
| Llandovery | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Pentamerus oblongus, Pentamerus borealis (206319) | |
| Raikkula | Estonia (Pärnu) | B. borealis (193123) | |
| Raikkula | Estonia (Lääne) | Pentamerus borealis (193772) | |
| Raikkula | Estonia (Lääne - Viru) | Pentamerus borealis (206964) | |
| Aeronian | Norway | B. borealis (14267) | |
| Telychian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | B. borealis (206347) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Russian Federation (Arkhangel'skaya Oblast') | B. laevis (40703) |