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Taxonomy
Protacaremys was named by Ameghino (1902).
It was assigned to Acaremyinae by Ameghino (1902); to Heteropsomyinae by Patterson and Pascual (1968); to Erethizontidae by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Echimyidae by Wood and Patterson (1959), Carvalho and Salles (2004), Vucetich et al. (2010); and to Octodontoidea by Arnal and Vucetich (2015), Vucetich et al. (2015).
It was assigned to Acaremyinae by Ameghino (1902); to Heteropsomyinae by Patterson and Pascual (1968); to Erethizontidae by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Echimyidae by Wood and Patterson (1959), Carvalho and Salles (2004), Vucetich et al. (2010); and to Octodontoidea by Arnal and Vucetich (2015), Vucetich et al. (2015).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1902 | Protacaremys Ameghino p. 112 |
| 1902 | Palaeocardia Ameghino p. 118 |
| 1902 | Archaeocardia Cossman |
| 1904 | Archaeocardia Ameghino p. 106 |
| 1959 | Protacaremys Wood and Patterson |
| 1968 | Protacaremys Patterson and Pascual |
| 1997 | Protacaremys McKenna and Bell |
| 2004 | Protacaremys Carvalho and Salles |
| 2010 | Protacaremys Vucetich et al. |
| 2015 | Protacaremys Arnal and Vucetich |
| 2015 | Protacaremys Vucetich et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Protacaremys Ameghino 1902
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†Protacaremys adilos Vucetich et al. 2015
†Protacaremys amplus Ameghino 1904
†Protacaremys avunculus Ameghino 1902
†Protacaremys denisae Vucetich et al. 1993
†Protacaremys prior Ameghino 1902
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Invalid names: Archaeocardia mustersiana Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Palaeocardia mater Ameghino 1902 [synonym]
Invalid names: Archaeocardia Cossman 1902 [synonym], Palaeocardia Ameghino 1902 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| M. Vucetich et al. 2015 | Smaller octodontoid than Pros- paniomys Ameghino, 1902. Tetralophodont molars, except m3 which can be trilophodont; slightly oblique crests. Cheek teeth lower crowned than Acarechimys and Sciamys, and higher crowned than Prospaniomys Ame- ghino, 1902. Only the parafossette of upper molariforms close in juveniles, unlike Acarechimys and Prospaniomys. Lower premolars with well-developed metalophulid II, unlike Prospaniomys. Similar size of m3 and m2. Mandible with a shallow masseteric fossa whose anterior limit lies below m1 (Arnal 2012). |
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P4 height | 2 | 1.69 | 1.50 | 1.90 | 1.70 | 0.283 | |
| M1 height | 3 | 1.36 | 0.800 | 1.85 | 1.70 | 0.568 | |
| M2 height | 2 | 0.825 | 0.800 | 0.850 | 0.825 | 0.035 | |
| p4 height | 1 | 1.20 | - | - | - | - | |
| m1 height | 2 | 0.687 | 0.450 | 1.05 | 0.750 | 0.424 | |
| m2 height | 2 | 0.671 | 0.500 | 0.900 | 0.700 | 0.283 | |
| m3 height | 1 | 0.750 | - | - | - | - |
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| Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999 | |||||
Age range: base of the Deseadan to the top of the Colloncuran or 29.00000 to 13.80000 Ma
Collections (8 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deseadan | Argentina (Chubut) | P. adilos (14211) | |
| Colhuehuapian | Argentina (Chubut) | P. prior (145897) P. sp., P. prior, P. avunculus (141368) | |
| Santacrucian - Friasian | Chile (Bío Bío) | P. sp. (140107) | |
| Friasian | Chile (Aisén) | P. sp. (139845) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Argentina (Chubut) | P. denisae (215594 215595) | |
| Colloncuran | Argentina (Neuquén) | P. denisae (141175) |