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Ichthyosauriformes
Taxonomy
Ichthyosauriformes was named by Motani et al. (2015).
It was assigned to Ichthyosauromorpha by Motani et al. (2015), Moon (2017), Moon (2019).
It was assigned to Ichthyosauromorpha by Motani et al. (2015), Moon (2017), Moon (2019).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2015 | Ichthyosauriformes Motani et al. p. 485 |
| 2017 | Ichthyosauriformes Moon |
| 2019 | Ichthyosauriformes Moon p. 143 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Ichthyosauriformes Motani et al. 2015
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Unr. †Ichthyopterygia Owen 1840
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Unr. †Eoichthyosauria Motani 1999
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Unr. †Grippidia Wiman 1929
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Unr. †Ichthyosauria de Blainville 1835 [ichthyosaur]
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G. †Ghuizhouichthyosaurus Cao and Luo 2000
Fm. †Grippiidae Wiman 1929
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G. †Chaohusaurus Young and Dong 1972
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Invalid names: Anhuisaurus Chen 1985 [synonym], Anhuisaurus Chen 1985 [synonym], Chensaurus Mazin Suteethora et al. 1991 [synonym], Chensaurus Mazin Suteethora et al. 1991 [synonym]
G. †Grippia Wiman 1929
G. †Guanlingichthyosaurus Yin et al. 2000
Unr. †Hueneosauria Maisch and Matzke 2000
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Subor. †Longipinnati Huene 1948
Unr. †Merriamosauria Motani 1999
Fm. †Mixosauridae Baur 1887
Invalid names: Merriamosauriformes McGowan and Motani 2003 [empty]
G. †Nanchangasaurus Wang 1959
Fm. †Omphalosauridae Merriam 1906
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G. †Chaohusaurus Young and Dong 1972
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Invalid names: Anhuisaurus Chen 1985 [synonym], Anhuisaurus Chen 1985 [synonym], Chensaurus Mazin Suteethora et al. 1991 [synonym], Chensaurus Mazin Suteethora et al. 1991 [synonym]
G. †Omphalosaurus Merriam 1906
G. †Tholodus Von Meyer 1851
G. †Xinminosaurus Jiang et al. 2008
Unr. †Parvipelvia Motani 1999
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G. †Hudsonelpidia McGowan 1995
G. †Macgowania Motani 1999
Unr. †Neoichthyosauria Sander 2000
G. †Suevoleviathan Maisch 1998
Invalid names: Hudsonelpidiidae McGowan and Motani 2003 [empty], Leptonectoidea McGowan and Motani 2003 [empty], Macgowaniidae McGowan and Motani 2003 [empty], Temnodontosauroidea McGowan and Motani 2003 [empty]
Unr. †Thunnosauria Motani 1999
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Fm. †Ichthyosauridae Bonaparte 1841
G. †Malawania Fischer et al. 2013
G. †Stenopterygius Jaekel 1904
Invalid names: Stenopterygiidae Kühn 1934 [empty]
Invalid names: Ichthyosauroidea Fitzinger 1826 [empty], Ichthyosaurus australis Hector 1878 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus polyptychodon Koken 1883 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus strombecki Meyer 1862 [nomen dubium], Longipinnatoidea Huene 1923 [empty], Pessosaurus Wiman 1910 [nomen dubium], Rachitrema Sauvage 1883 [nomen dubium], Sphaerodontes Torre and Cuervo 1939 [nomen dubium], Stenopterygius grandis Cabrera 1939 [nomen dubium]
Or. †Heteropinnatoidea Appleby 1979
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Invalid names: Leptopterygiidae Kuhn 1934 [empty], Protoichthyosauridae Appleby 1979 [empty]
Invalid names: Ekbainacanthus Yakowlew 1902 [nomen dubium], Euichthyopterygia Motani 1999 [empty], Grippidia Wiman 1933 [empty], Grippoidea Ji et al. 2016 [empty], Ichthyoterus Rouiellier 1847 [nomen dubium], Latipinnatoidea Huene 1948 [empty], Macropterygius Huene 1922 [nomen dubium], Mixosauroidea Appleby 1979 [empty], Omphalosaurus merriami Maisch 2010 [nomen dubium], Pachygonosaurus von Huene 1916 [nomen dubium], Perrinosaurus Merriam 1938 [nomen dubium], Rotundopteryx Maisch and Matzke 2000 [nomen dubium], Spitsbergenosaurus Mazin 1981 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Nasorostra Jiang et al. 2016
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| R. Motani et al. 2015 | All ichthyosauromorphs more closely related to Ichthyosaurus communis than Hupehsuchus nanchangensis. Nasal extending anteriorly, well beyond external naris; scleral ring large, filling orbit; snout constricted in dorsal view; converging digits with limited interdigital space. | |
| B. C. Moon 2017 | The last common ancestor of Hupehsuchus nanchangensis and Ichthyosaurus communis, and all of its descendants [node-based] (Motani et al. 2015). | |
| B. C. Moon 2019 | The last common ancestor of Hupehsuchus nanchangensis and Ichthyosaurus communis, and all of its descendants [node-based] (Motani et al. 2015). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subc = subclass, subp = subphylum, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Smithian to the top of the Early/Lower Cenomanian or 249.90000 to 93.90000 Ma
Collections (537 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Griesbachian - Smithian | Canada (British Columbia) | Utatsusaurus sp. (196982) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | Norway (Svalbard) | Omphalosaurus merriami (140928) | |
| Triassic | USA (Nevada) | Cymbospondylus petrinus, Chonespondylus grandis (101860) | |
| Triassic | Germany (Aargau) | Mixosaurus helveticus (214578) | |
| Triassic | Germany (Bavaria) | Mixosaurus intermedius (214577) | |
| Triassic | USA (California) | Leptocheirus zitteli (149577) Shastasaurus alexandrae, Shastasaurus osmonti (153314) | |
| Smithian | Canada (British Columbia) | Grippia longirostris (105082) Pessosaurus sp., Phalarodon fraasi, Mixosaurus nordenskioeldii (85452) Phalarodon nordenskioeldii (152277) Phalarodon nordenskioeldii, Grippia longirostris (105083) Utatsusaurus sp. (127262) | |
| Smithian | Russian Federation | Ichthyopterygia indet. (95314) | |
| Olenekian | China (Anhui) | Chaohusaurus chaoxianensis, Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis (188665) | |
| Olenekian | Japan (Miyagi) | Utatsusaurus hataii (87146) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | India (Tamil Nadu) | Platypterygius indicus (110178) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | New Zealand (South Island) | Platypterygius sp. (237774) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Ichthyosauria indet. (92399) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | India | Platypterygius sp. (214382) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | USA (Wyoming) | Myopterygius petersoni (105791) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | Russian Federation (Saratov) | Platypterygius bannovkensis, Ichthyosauria indet. (138038) | |
| Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian | Australia (Western Australia) | Brachypterygiidae indet. (215559) | |
| Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian | Germany (Bavaria) | Platypterygius sp. (214381) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | Australia (Western Australia) | Ichthyosauria indet. (223353) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | United Kingdom (England) | Platypterygiinae indet. (214385) | |