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Heterostraci

Pteraspidomorpha

Taxonomy
Heterostraci was named by Lankester (1868).

It was reranked as the class Heterostraci by Gadow (1898); it was reranked as the order Heterostraci by Hay (1902), Jaekel (1911), Bryant (1932), Jordan (1963), Elliot and Loeffler (1989), Dineley and Metcalf (1999), Elliott and Swift (2010).

It was assigned to Hypostomata by Gadow (1898); to Aspidoganoidei by Hay (1902); to Palaeostraci by Jaekel (1911); to Ostracophori by Jordan (1963); to Diplorhina by Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson (1977); to Chordata by Elliot and Loeffler (1989); to Pteraspidomorphi by Bryant (1932), Dineley and Metcalf (1999); to Agnatha by Loeffler and Dineley (1976), Elliott (2013); to Pteraspidomorphi by Elliott and Ilyes (1996), Blieck et al. (2002), Elliott and Swift (2010), Long (2011), Elliott (2016); and to Pteraspidomorpha by Nelson et al. (2016), Van Der Laan (2019).

Subtaxa
Alainaspis, Allocryptaspis, Amphiaspidiformes, Anatolepsis, Aporemaspis, Archodus, Ariaspididae, Aserotaspis, Asketaspis, Aspidosteus, Athenaegis, Cardipeltida, Cardipeltidae, Cardipeltiformes, Ceraspidae, Clydonaspis, Corvaspidida, Corvaspidiformes, Corveolepis, Cyathaspida, Cyathaspidiformes, Drepanaspidae, Dyreaspis, Ennosviaspis, Grumantaspis, Guerichosteidae, Gunaspis, Homaspidella, Irregulariaspis, Karelosteus, Kiangsuaspis, Lepidaspidida, Lepidaspidiformes, Listraspis, Munchoaspis, Obliaspis, Olbiaspidida, Palaeaspidi, Palaeodus, Pilolepsis, Pionaspis, Poriferaspis, Protaspidae, Psammolepis, Psammosteiformes, Pteraspidi, Pteraspidiformes, Pycnaspis, Rimasventeraspis, Schizosteus, Seretaspis, Steinaspis, Strophisterus, Strosipherus, Tesseraspidida, Tesseraspidiformes, Tolypelepidida, Tolypelepidiformes, Toombsaspis, Traquairaspidida, Traquairaspidiformes, Yoglinia

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1868Heterostraci Lankester
1898Heterostraci Gadow p. 4
1902Heterostraci Hay p. 339
1911Heterostraci Jaekel p. 32
1932Heterostraci Bryant p. 231
1963Heterostraci Jordan p. 584
1976Heterostraci Loeffler and Dineley p. 758
1977Heterostraci Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson p. 367
1989Heterostraci Elliot and Loeffler p. 884
1996Heterostraci Elliott and Ilyes p. 153
1999Heterostraci Dineley and Metcalf p. 11
2002Heterostraci Blieck et al. p. 811
2010Heterostraci Elliott and Swift p. 1874
2011Heterostraci Long p. 241
2013Heterostraci Elliott p. 30
2016Heterostraci Elliott p. 1213
2016Heterostraci Nelson et al. p. 28
2019Heterostraci Van Der Laan p. 16

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
RankNameAuthor
subphylumVertebrata
superclassPteraspidomorphi(Goodrich 1909)
classPteraspidomorpha
subclassHeterostraciLankester 1868
subclassHeterostraciLankester 1868

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subcl. †Heterostraci Lankester 1868
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Or. †Amphiaspidiformes Novitskaya 2008
+
Subor. †Amphiaspidoidei
+
Fm. †Amphiaspididae Obruchev 1939
+
G. †Amphiaspis Obruchev 1936
Fm. †Angaraspididae Halstead 1993
+
G. †Angaraspis Obruchev 1964
+
†Angaraspis urvantzevi Obruchev 1964
Fm. †Edaphaspididae Novitskaya 1968
+
G. †Edaphaspis Novitskaya 1971
+
†Edaphaspis bystrowi Novitskaya 1971
Fm. †Gabreyaspididae Novitskaya 1968
+
G. †Gabreyaspis Novitskaya 1968
+
†Gabreyaspis tarda Novitskaya 1968
G. †Pelaspis Novitskaya 1971
+
†Pelaspis teres Novitskaya 1971
G. †Prosarctaspis Novitskaya 1968
+
†Prosarctaspis taimyrica Novitskaya 1968
G. †Tareyaspis Novitskaya 1971
+
†Tareyaspis venusta Novitskaya 1971
Fm. †Olbiaspididae Obruchev 1964
+
G. †Kureykaspis Novitskaya 1971
+
†Kureykaspis salebrosa Novitskaya 1971
G. †Olbiaspis Obruchev 1964
+
†Olbiaspis coalescens Obruchev 1964
G. †Putoranaspis Obruchev 1964
+
†Putoranaspis prima Obruchev 1964
G. †Aporemaspis Elliot and Loeffler 1989
+
†Aporemaspis pholidata Elliot and Loeffler 1989
Fm. †Ariaspididae Elliott and Swift 2010
+
G. †Ariaspis Denison 1963
+
†Ariaspis arctata Elliott and Swift 2010
†Ariaspis cristata Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Ariaspis majuscula Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Ariaspis multijubata Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Ariaspis nassichuki Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Ariaspis ornata Denison 1963
†Ariaspis perryi Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
G. †Aserotaspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
+
†Aserotaspis canadensis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
Fm. †Cardipeltidae Bryant 1933
+
G. †Cardipeltis Branson and Mehl 1931
+
†Cardipeltis bryanti Denison 1966
†Cardipeltis richardsoni Denison 1966
†Cardipeltis wallacii Branson and Mehl 1931
+
Invalid names: Cardipeltis oblongus Bryant 1933 [synonym], Cardipeltis sinclairi Bryant 1933 [synonym]
Or. †Corvaspidiformes Stensiö 1964
+
Fm. †Corvaspididae Dineley 1953
+
G. †Corvaspis Woodward 1934
+
†Corvaspis ellesmerensis Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Corvaspis kingi Woodward 1934
†Corvaspis porphyretica Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Corvaspis woodwardi Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
Subor. †Cyathaspida Kiaer 1932
+
Unr. †Cyathaspidei Kiaer 1932
+
Fm. †Diplaspidae Kiaer 1932
+
G. †Diplaspis Matthew 1887
+
†Diplaspis acadica Matthew 1888
Fm. †Tolypaspidae Kiaer 1932
+
G. †Tolypaspis Schmidt 1893
+
†Tolypaspis undulata Pander 1856
Fm. †Traquairaspidae Kiaer 1932
+
G. †Traquairaspis Kiaer 1932
+
†Traquairaspis adunata Dineley and Loeffler 1976
†Traquairaspis angusta Denison 1963
†Traquairaspis broadi Dineley and Loeffler 1976
†Traquairaspis campbelli Traquair 1913
†Traquairaspis denisoni Dineley 1964
†Traquairaspis guttata Dineley and Loeffler 1976
†Traquairaspis lemniscata Dineley and Loeffler 1976
†Traquairaspis longicarinata Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Traquairaspis mackenziensis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
†Traquairaspis poolei Dineley and Loeffler 1976
†Traquairaspis pristina Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Traquairaspis pustulata Dineley and Loeffler 1976
†Traquairaspis rambaldi Broad 1968
†Traquairaspis retusa Dineley and Loeffler 1976
G. †Homalaspidella Strand 1934
+
†Homalaspidella borealis Denison 1963
†Homalaspidella nitida Kiaer 1932
Unr. †Poraspidei Kiaer 1932
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Fm. †Ctenaspidae Kiaer 1930
+
G. †Arctictenaspis Elliott and Blieck 2010
+
†Arctictenaspis borealis Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Arctictenaspis obruchevi Elliott and Blieck 2010
†Arctictenaspis ornata Elliott and Blieck 2010
†Arctictenaspis russelli Elliott and Blieck 2010
G. †Ctenaspis Kiaer 1930
+
†Ctenaspis cancellata Kiaer 1930
†Ctenaspis cancellata Kiaer 1930
†Ctenaspis dentata Kiaer 1930
†Ctenaspis kiaeri Zych 1931
†Ctenaspis obruchevi Dineley 1976
†Ctenaspis ornata Dineley 1976
†Ctenaspis russelli Dineley 1976
G. †Zaphoctenaspis Elliott and Blieck 2010
+
†Zaphoctenaspis meemannae Elliott and Blieck 2010
Fm. †Dinaspidae Kiaer 1932
+
G. †Dinaspis Kiaer 1932
+
†Dinaspis parvula Kiaer 1932
Fm. †Palaeaspidae Kiaer 1932
+
G. †Americaspis White and Moy-Thomas 1941
+
†Americaspis americana Claypole 1884
†Americaspis bitruncata Claypole 1884
†Americaspis claypolei Denison 1964
Invalid names: Palaeaspis Claypole 1884 [replaced]
Or. †Cyathaspidiformes Kaier 1930
+
Fm. †Cyathaspididae Kiaer 1932
+
Subfm. †Anglaspidinae Kiaer 1932
+
G. †Anglaspis
+
†Anglaspis elongata Kiaer 1932
†Anglaspis gjelsviki Ilyes et al. 1995
†Anglaspis heintzi Kiaer 1932
†Anglaspis insignis Kiaer 1932
†Anglaspis macculloughi Woodward 1891
†Anglaspis platostriata Kiaer 1932
G. †Liliaspis Novitskaya 1972
+
†Liliaspis philippovae Novitskaya 1972
G. †Paraliliaspis Novitskaya et al. 1995
+
†Paraliliaspis egregia Novitskaya et al. 1995
G. †Archegonaspis Jaekel 1927
+
†Archegonaspis bashkirica Märss 2019
†Archegonaspis cornwallisensis Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Archegonaspis drummondi Flower and Smith 1952
†Archegonaspis integer Kunth 1872
+
†Cyathaspis schmidti Gelnitz 1884
†Archegonaspis ludensis Salter 1859
†Archegonaspis schmidti Geinitz 1884
Subfm. †Boothiaspidinae Elliott 2016
+
G. †Boothiaspis Broad 1973
+
†Boothiaspis alata Broad 1973
†Boothiaspis angusta Broad 1973
†Boothiaspis ovata Broad 1973
G. †Phyllonaspis Elliott 2016
+
†Phyllonaspis laevis Elliott 2016
†Phyllonaspis serratus Elliott 2016
†Phyllonaspis taphensis Elliott 2016
Subfm. †Cyathaspidinae Denison 1964
+
G. †Capitaspis Elliott 2013
+
†Capitaspis giblingi Elliott 2013
+
†Cyathaspis acadica Matthew 1886
†Cyathaspis banksi Huxley and Salter 1856
G. †Dikenaspis Denison 1963
+
†Dikenaspis yukonensis Denison 1963
G. †Eoarchegonaspis Kiaer 1932
+
†Eoarchegonaspis wardelli Ruedemann 1916
+
Invalid names: Cyathaspis vaningeni Bryant 1926 [synonym]
G. †Faberaspis Elliott et al. 2018
+
†Faberaspis elgae Elliott et al. 2018
Subfm. †Irregulareaspidinae Denison 1964
+
+
†Dinaspidella elegans Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Dinaspidella elizabethae Blieck and Heintz 1983
†Dinaspidella robusta Blieck and Heintz 1983
+
Invalid names: Dinaspis robusta Kiaer 1932 [replaced]
†Dinaspidella tenuicostata Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
G. †Irregulareaspis Zych 1931
+
†Irregulareaspis hoeli Kiaer and Heintz 1935
+
†Nahanniaspis mackenziei Dineley and Loeffler 1976
†Nahanniaspis mclintocki Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
Subfm. †Poraspidinae Kiaer 1932
+
G. †Homalaspis Kiaer 1932
G. †Lechriaspis Elliott and Petriello 2011
+
†Lechriaspis patula Elliott and Petriello 2011
G. †Poraspis Kiaer 1932
+
†Poraspis barroisi Leriche 1906
†Poraspis brevis Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis cylindrica Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis elongata Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis intermedia Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis magna Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis polaris Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis rostrata Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis sericea Lankester 1873
†Poraspis sturi von Alth 1874
†Poraspis subtilis Kiaer 1932
†Poraspis thomasi Elliott and Petriello 2011
G. †Ptomaspis Denison 1963
+
†Ptomaspis canadensis Denison 1963
G. †Sanidaspis Bystrow 1959
+
†Sanidaspis siberica Bystrow 1959
G. †Vernonaspis Flower and Smith 1952
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†Vernonaspis allenae Flower and Smith 1952
†Vernonaspis bamberi Denison 1963
†Vernonaspis leonardi Flower and Smith 1952
†Vernonaspis magna Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Vernonaspis major Denison 1963
†Vernonaspis parryi Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Vernonaspis sekwiae Dineley 1964
†Vernonaspis suffusca Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Vernonaspis tortucosta Dineley and Loeffler 1976
Subor. †Cyathaspidoidei
+
Fm. †Dictyaspidellidae Fowler 1947
+
G. †Dictyaspidella Strand 1934
Fm. †Dictyonaspidae Berg 1940
+
G. †Dictyaspis Kiaer 1932
Fm. †Torpedaspididae Halstead 1993
+
G. †Torpedaspis Broad and Dineley 1973
+
†Torpedaspis elongata Broad and Dineley 1973
Invalid names: Americaspidae Fowler 1947 [empty], Anglaspidae Kiaer 1932 [empty], Dinaspidellidae Strand 1934 [empty], Irregularaspidae Kiaer and Heinz 1935 [empty]
+
Fm. †Aphataspididae Novitskaya 1971
+
G. †Aphataspis Obruchev 1964
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†Aphataspis kiaeri Obruchev 1964
Fm. †Eglonaspididae Tarlo 1962
+
G. †Eglonaspis Obruchev 1964
+
†Eglonaspis rostrata Obruchev 1964
G. †Empedaspis Novitskaya 1971
+
†Empedaspis inermis Novitskaya 1986
G. †Gerronaspis Obruchev 1964
+
†Gerronaspis dentata Obruchev 1964
G. †Lecaniaspis Novitskaya 1971
+
†Lecaniaspis lata Novitskaya 1971
G. †Pelurgaspis Obruchev 1964
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†Pelurgaspis macrorhyncha Obruchev 1964
Fm. †Hibernaspididae Obruchev 1939
+
G. †Hibernaspis Obruchev 1939
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†Hibernaspis macrolepis Obruchev 1964
†Hibernaspis tenuicristata Obruchev 1964
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Fm. †Siberiaspididae Novitskaya 1968
+
G. †Argyriaspis Novitskaya 1971
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†Argyriaspis tcherkesovae Novitskaya 1971
G. †Siberiaspis Obruchev 1964
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†Siberiaspis plana Obruchev 1964
Fm. †Tuxeraspididae Novitskaya 1968
+
G. †Dotaspis Novitskaya 1986
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†Dotaspis antiqua Novitskaya 1986
G. †Litotaspis Bystrow 1959
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G. †Tuxeraspis Novitskaya 1971
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†Tuxeraspis varicostata Novitskaya 1971
Fm. †Guerichosteidae Halstead Tarlo 1964
+
G. †Guerichosteus Halstead Tarlo 1964
+
†Guerichosteus heterolepis Preobrazhensky 1911
†Guerichosteus kozlowskii Halstead Tarlo 1964
G. †Hariosteus Halstead Tarlo 1964
+
†Hariosteus kielanae Halstead Tarlo 1964
Or. †Lepidaspidiformes Halstead 1993
+
Fm. †Lepidaspididae Halstead 1993
+
G. †Lepidaspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
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†Lepidaspis serrata Dineley and Loeffler 1976
G. †Munchoaspis Tarrant 1991
+
†Munchoaspis denisoni Tarrant 1991
Fm. †Protaspidae Bryant 1933
+
G. †Eucyrtaspis White and Moy-Thomas 1940
+
Invalid names: Cyrtaspis Bryant 1932 [replaced]
G. †Psammolepis Agassiz 1843
+
†Psammolepis abavica Mark-Kurik 1965
†Psammolepis aerata Obruchev 1965
†Psammolepis alata Obruchev 1965
†Psammolepis groenlandica Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Psammolepis paradoxa Agassiz 1845
†Psammolepis toriensis Mark-Kurik 1965
†Psammolepis venyukovi Obruchev 1965
Or. †Psammosteiformes Berg 1937
+
Fm. †Obrucheviidae Halstead Tarlo 1964
+
G. †Obruchevia Halstead Tarlo 1964
+
†Obruchevia heckeri Halstead Tarlo 1964
G. †Perscheia Elliott et al. 2004
+
†Perscheia pulla Elliott et al. 2004
Fm. †Pycnosteidae Tarlo 1962
+
G. †Pycnolepis Halstead Tarlo 1964
+
†Pycnolepis splendens Halstead Tarlo 1964
G. †Tartuosteus Obruchev 1961
+
†Tartuosteus giganteus Gross 1933
†Tartuosteus maximus Mark-Kurik 1965
†Tartuosteus zheleznogorskensis Moloshnikov 2007
Invalid names: Rohonosteus Tarlo 1962 [synonym]
Or. †Pteraspidiformes Berg 1940
+
Fm. †Anchipteraspididae Elliott 1984
+
G. †Anchipteraspis Elliott 1984
+
†Anchipteraspis crenulata Elliott 1984
G. †Rhachiaspis Elliott 1984
+
†Rhachiaspis pteriga Elliott 1984
†Rhachiaspis pteriga Elliott 1984
Invalid names: Rhachiaspis pteriga Elliott 1984 [valid], Rhachiaspis pteriga Elliott 1984 [valid]
G. †Ulutitaspis Elliott 1984
+
†Ulutitaspis notidana Elliott 1984
G. †Dnestraspis Novitskaya 1983
+
†Dnestraspis firma Novitskaya 1983
Fm. †Protopteraspididae Novitskaya 1983
+
G. †Canadapteraspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
+
†Canadapteraspis alocostomata Dineley and Loeffler 1976
†Canadapteraspis formosa Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Canadapteraspis helostomata Dineley and Loeffler 1976
†Canadapteraspis thymostomata Dineley and Loeffler 1976
†Canadapteraspis uniformis Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
G. †Escharaspis Elliott 1983
+
†Escharaspis alata Elliott 1983
G. †Gigantaspis Heintz 1962
+
†Gigantaspis isachseni Heintz 1962
†Gigantaspis laticephala PERNEGRE and GOUJET 2007
†Gigantaspis minima PERNEGRE and GOUJET 2007
G. †Loricopteraspis Halstead Tarlo 1961
+
†Loricopteraspis dairydinglensis Ball and Dineley 1961
G. †Miltaspis Blieck 1982
+
†Miltaspis anatirostrata Blieck 1982
G. †Protopteraspis Leriche 1924
+
†Protopteraspis arctica Elliott 1983
†Protopteraspis corniga Elliott 1983
†Protopteraspis gosseleti Leriche 1906
†Protopteraspis micra Ilyes et al. 1995
†Protopteraspis pygmaea Elliott 1983
†Protopteraspis sartokia Elliott 1983
†Protopteraspis siliktokia Elliott 1983
†Protopteraspis vogti Kiaer 1928
Invalid names: Simopteraspis Denison 1970 [synonym]
G. †Stegobranchiaspis Elliott 1983
+
G. †Zascinaspis Stensiu 1958
+
†Zascinaspis heintzi Blieck 1984
†Zascinaspis laticephala Blieck and Goujet 1983
Fm. †Pteraspididae Claypole 1885
+
G. †Archaeoteuthis Roemer 1855
G. †Chiastolepis Eichwald 1844
G. †Clavulaspis Elliott et al. 2020
+
†Clavulaspis finis Elliott et al. 2020
G. †Ecphymaspis Elliott et al. 2020
+
†Ecphymaspis idahoensis Elliott et al. 2020
+
Invalid names: Psephaspis idahoensis Denison 1968 [replaced]
G. †Glossoidaspis Branson and Mehl 1931
+
†Glossoidaspis giganteus Branson and Mehl 1931
G. †Helaspis Elliott et al. 2000
+
†Helaspis finis Elliott et al. 2000
G. †Holaspis Lankester 1873
+
†Kallostrakon alleni Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Kallostrakon grindrodi Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Kallostrakon macanuffi Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Kallostrakon podura Lankester 1870
G. †Mitraspis Elliott et al. 2015
+
†Mitraspis cracens Elliott et al. 2015
G. †Mylopteraspis Stensiu 1958
G. †Palaeoteuthis Roemer 1855
+
†Palaeoteuthis marginalis Eichwald 1871
G. †Rhachiaspis Elliott 1984
+
†Rhachiaspis pteriga Elliott 1984
†Rhachiaspis pteriga Elliott 1984
Invalid names: Rhachiaspis pteriga Elliott 1984 [valid], Rhachiaspis pteriga Elliott 1984 [valid]
G. †Scaphaspis Lankester 1865
+
†Scaphaspis nastorthi Lankester 1884
G. †Scutellaspis Elliott et al. 2020
+
†Scutellaspis wilsoni Elliott et al. 2020
G. †Sphagodus Agassiz 1839
Invalid names: Doryaspidinae Heintz 1967 [empty], Pteraspidinae Claypole 1885 [empty]
Subor. †Pteraspidoidei Janvier 1996
+
G. †Alaeckaspis Voichyshyn 1999
+
†Alaeckaspis ustetchkiensis Voichyshyn 1999
†Alaeckaspis verbivciensi Voichyshyn 1999
G. †Blieckaspis Elliott and Ilyes 1996
+
†Blieckaspis priscillae Elliott and Ilyes 1996
G. †Djurinaspis Novitskaya 1983
+
†Djurinaspis prima Novitskaya 1983
†Djurinaspis secunda Voichyshyn 2011
Fm. †Doryaspidae Randle and Sansom 2017
+
G. †Doryaspis White 1935
+
†Doryaspis arctica Pernègre 2003
†Doryaspis groenhorgensis Pernegre 2005
†Doryaspis nathorsti Lankester 1884
+
Invalid names: Scaphaspis nathorsti Lankester 1884 [replaced]
G. †Woodfjordaspis Pernègre 2006
+
†Woodfjordaspis felixi Pernegre 2006
G. †Xylaspis Pernegre 2003
+
†Xylaspis prima Pernegre 2003
G. †Eucyclaspis Denison 1970
+
†Eucyclaspis erroli Denison 1970
G. †Europrotaspis White 1961
+
G. †Lamiaspis Ilyes and Elliott 1994
+
†Lamiaspis longiripa Ilyes and Elliott 1994
G. †Larnovaspis Blieck 1984
+
†Larnovaspis brotzeni Brotzen 1933
†Larnovaspis goujeti Blieck 1984
†Larnovaspis kneri Lankester 1868
†Larnovaspis major Zych 1927
†Larnovaspis mogielnensis Blieck 1984
G. †Mylopteraspidella Blieck 1984
+
G. †Oreaspis Denison 1970
+
†Oreaspis ampla Bryant 1933
+
Invalid names: Protaspis nanus Bryant 1933 [synonym], Protaspis perlatus Bryant 1933 [synonym], Protaspis perryi Bryant 1933 [synonym]
†Oreaspis dunklei Denison 1970
†Oreaspis williamsi Denison 1970
G. †Panamintaspis Elliott and Ilyes 1996
+
†Panamintaspis snowi Elliott and Ilyes 1996
G. †Parapteraspis Stensio 1958
+
†Parapteraspis gracilis Stensio 1958
†Parapteraspis jackana White 1935
†Parapteraspis plana Stensio 1958
G. †Pirumaspis Ilyes and Elliott 1994
+
†Pirumaspis lancasteri Ilyes and Elliott 1994
G. †Podolaspis Zych 1931
+
Subg. †Podolaspis (Althaspis) Zych 1931
†Podolaspis danieli Voichyshyn 2011
†Podolaspis lerichei Zych 1927
†Podolaspis podolica Alth 1874
†Podolaspis zychi Brotzen 1933
+
G. †Cosmaspis Denison 1970
+
†Cosmaspis transversa Denison 1970
G. †Cyrtaspidichthys Whitley 1940
+
†Cyrtaspidichthys ovata Bryant 1932
†Cyrtaspidichthys sculpta Bryant 1933
G. †Helaspis
G. †Lampraspis Denison 1970
+
†Lampraspis carmani Denison 1960
†Lampraspis tuberculata Denison 1970
G. †Psephaspis Orvig 1961
+
†Psephaspis bystrowi Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Psephaspis williamsi Orvig 1961
G. †Tuberculaspis Ilyes and Elliott 1994
+
†Tuberculaspis elyensis Ilyes and Elliott 1994
G. †Protaspis Bryant 1933
+
Subg. †Protaspis (Europrotaspis) White 1961
Subg. †Protaspis (Protaspis) Bryant 1933
+
†Protaspis brevirostris Bryant 1933
†Protaspis bucheri Bryant 1932
†Protaspis cingulus Bryant 1933
†Protaspis constrictus Bryant 1933
Fm. †Psammosteidae Traquair 1896
+
G. †Acanthaspis Newberry 1875
+
†Acanthaspis arctica Heintz 1929
G. †Drepanaspis Schluter 1887
+
†Drepanaspis carteri McCoy 1851
†Drepanaspis edwardsi Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Drepanaspis gemuendensis Schluter 1887
†Drepanaspis jaegeri Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Drepanaspis schrieli Gross 1933
G. †Dyptychosteus Preobrazhenskii 1910
G. †Ganosteus Rohon 1901
+
†Ganosteus artus Mark-Kurik 1965
†Ganosteus stellatus Rohon 1901
G. †Oredezhosteus Moloshnikov 2009
+
†Oredezhosteus kuleshovi Moloshnikov 2009
G. †Placosteus Agassiz 1843
+
†Placosteus alatus Mark-Kurik 1965
†Placosteus undulatus Agassiz 1844
Subfm. †Psammosteinae Traquair 1896
+
G. †Elgaia Glinskiy 2017
G. †Traquairosteus Halstead Tarlo 1964
G. †Psammosteus Agassiz 1844
+
†Psammosteus arenatus Agassiz 1845
†Psammosteus asper Obruchev 1965
†Psammosteus bergi Mark-Kurik 1965
†Psammosteus cuneatus Obruchev 1965
†Psammosteus falcatus Gross 1942
†Psammosteus granulatus M'Coy 1848
†Psammosteus levis Obruchev 1965
†Psammosteus livonicus Obruchev 1965
†Psammosteus maeandrinus Agassiz 1845
†Psammosteus megalopteryx Trautschold 1880
†Psammosteus paradoxus Agassiz 1845
†Psammosteus pectinatus Obruchev 1965
†Psammosteus praecursor Obruchev 1947
†Psammosteus tchernovi Obruchev 1965
†Psammosteus tenuis Obruchev 1965
†Psammosteus waltergrossi Halstead Tarlo 1964
G. †Pycnosteus Preobrajenski 1911
+
†Pycnosteus obruchevi Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Pycnosteus palaeformis Preobrazhensky 1911
†Pycnosteus pauli Mark-Kurik 1965
G. †Vladimirolepis Glinskiy 2017
+
†Vladimirolepis proia Glinskiy 2017
G. †Pteraspis Kner 1847
+
Subg. †Pteraspis (Pteraspis) White 1956
†Pteraspis crouchi Lankester 1865
†Pteraspis rostrata Agassiz 1835
+
Invalid names: Plesiopteraspis Stensio 1958 [synonym]
Fm. †Rhinopteraspididae Novitskaya 2004
+
G. †Althaspis Zych 1931
+
†Althaspis leachi White 1938
†Althaspis senniensis Loeffler and Thomas 1980
†Althaspis tarloi Voichyshyn 2011
†Althaspis vimiensis White 1960
Invalid names: Brotzenaspis Stensio 1958 [synonym], Cymripteraspis White 1960 [synonym], Pseudopteraspis Stensio 1958 [synonym]
G. †Brachipteraspis Brotzen 1936
+
†Brachipteraspis latissima Zych in Pauca 1938
G. †Errivaspis Blieck 1984
+
†Errivaspis depressa Stensio 1958
†Errivaspis magnipinealis Brotzen 1933
†Errivaspis waynensis Blieck 1984
G. †Pavloaspis Voichyshyn 1999
+
†Pavloaspis pasternaki Voichyshyn 1999
G. †Rhinopteraspis Blieck 1984
+
†Rhinopteraspis crouchi Lankester 1868
†Rhinopteraspis dunensis Jaekel 1919
+
Invalid names: Pteraspis dunensis Roemer 1855 [replaced]
G. †Semipodolaspis Voichyshyn 2011
+
†Semipodolaspis slobodensis Voichyshyn 2011
G. †Unarkaspis Elliott 1983
+
†Unarkaspis schultzei Elliott 1983
Invalid names: Psammosteoidei [empty]
G. †Rimasventeraspis Tarrant 1991
+
†Rimasventeraspis angusta Tarrant 1991
†Rimasventeraspis septentrionalis Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
G. †Strosipherus Pander 1856
+
Fm. †Natlaspididae Halstead 1993
+
G. †Natlaspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
+
†Natlaspis planicosta Dineley and Loeffler 1976
Fm. †Tesseraspididae Berg 1955
+
G. †Tesseraspis Wills 1936
+
†Tesseraspis denisoni Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Tesseraspis mosaica Karatajuta-Talimaa 1983
†Tesseraspis orvigi Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Tesseraspis talimaae Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Tesseraspis tessellata Wills 1935
†Tesseraspis toombsi Halstead Tarlo 1964
+
Fm. †Tolypelepididae Strand 1934
+
G. †Tolypelepis Pander 1856
+
†Tolypelepis lenzi Dineley and Loeffler 1976
†Tolypelepis leopoldensis Loeffler and Jones 1977
†Tolypelepis undulata Pander 1856
+
Invalid names: Tolypelepis mielnikensis Dec 2015 [synonym]
G. †Toombsaspis Tarrant 1991
+
†Toombsaspis pococki Tarrant 1991
†Toombsaspis sabrinae Tarrant 1991
Or. †Traquairaspidiformes Stensio 1958
+
G. †Phialaspis Wills 1935
+
†Phialaspis symondsi Tarrant 1991
Fm. †Weigeltaspidae Berg 1940
+
G. †Weigeltaspis Brotzen 1933
+
†Weigeltaspis brotzeni Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Weigeltaspis godmani Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Weigeltaspis heintzi Halstead Tarlo 1964
Invalid names: Phialaspididae White 1946 [empty]
Invalid names: Cardipeltida [empty], Cardipeltiformes Bryant 1933 [empty], Ceraspidae [empty], Corvaspidida [empty], Drepanaspidae [empty], Lepidaspidida [empty], Olbiaspidida Obruchev 1964 [empty], Palaeaspidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pteraspidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pteraspidomorphes [synonym], Tesseraspidida [empty], Tolypelepidida [empty], Traquairaspidida Stensio 1958 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Created: 2017-04-17 15:11:50
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:11:50
Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum
References: Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Llandovery to the top of the Pennsylvanian or 443.10000 to 298.90000 Ma

Collections (292 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Llandovery443.1 - 432.9Canada (Northwest Territories) Athenaegis chattertoni (90310) Heterostraci indet. 2 (90320)
Llandovery - Ludlow443.1 - 422.7USA (New York) Vernonaspis sp. (12764)
Silurian443.1 - 419.62Canada (Yukon) Ariaspis ornata, Vernonaspis bamberi, Vernonaspis major, Ptomaspis canadensis, Dikenaspis yukonensis, Homalaspidella borealis, Rimasventeraspis angusta (185831)
Silurian443.1 - 419.62USA (Pennsylvania) Vernonaspis sp. (12763)
Silurian443.1 - 419.62United Kingdom (England) Archegonaspis ludensis (22721)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7Canada (Northwest Territories) Athenaegis chattertoni (237812) Tolypelepis lenzi (188784)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7China (Jiangsu) Kiangsuaspis nankingensis (27751)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7United Kingdom (Scotland) Traquairaspis campbelli (26907)
Wenlock - Ludlow432.9 - 422.7Canada (Northwest Territories) Cyathaspididae indet. (188832 188834)
Wenlock - Ludlow432.9 - 422.7Canada (Nunavut) Cyathaspis sp. (26882)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Canada (Nunavut) Traquairosteus kiaeri (239676)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15United Kingdom Psammosteidae indet., Psammolepis sp. (239215)
Middle Frasnian379.0 - 375.2Russian Federation (Saint Petersburg) Psammosteus megalopteryx (196703)
Middle Frasnian379.0 - 375.2Canada (Nunavut) Perscheia pulla (236499)
Middle Frasnian - Late/Upper Frasnian379.0 - 372.15United Kingdom Psammosteus megalopteryx (239413)
Late/Upper Frasnian375.2 - 372.15United Kingdom (Scotland) Traquairosteus pustulatus, Traquairosteus falcatus (176215)
Late/Upper Frasnian375.2 - 372.15Russian Federation Obruchevia heckeri, Psammosteus falcatus (238745) Psammosteus sp. (90336)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86Greenland Psammosteus sp. (238738)
Pennsylvanian323.4 - 298.9United Kingdom Psammosteus vermicularis (132819)
Pennsylvanian323.4 - 298.9Ireland Psammosteus granulatus (132818)