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Brentidae
Taxonomy
Brenthides was named by Billberg (1820). It is extant.
It was corrected as Brenthidae by Crowson (1981); it was corrected as Brentidae by Kuschel (1992), Lawrence and Newton (1995), Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal (1999), Wappler (2003), Zherikhin and Gratshev (2004), Bouchard et al. (2011), Legalov (2012), Legalov (2015), Shin et al. (2018), Legalov (2019), Cai et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Curculionoidea by Crowson (1981), Kuschel (1992), Lawrence and Newton (1995), Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal (1999), Wappler (2003), Zherikhin and Gratshev (2004), Bouchard et al. (2011), Legalov (2012), Legalov (2015), Shin et al. (2018), Legalov (2019), Cai et al. (2022).
It was corrected as Brenthidae by Crowson (1981); it was corrected as Brentidae by Kuschel (1992), Lawrence and Newton (1995), Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal (1999), Wappler (2003), Zherikhin and Gratshev (2004), Bouchard et al. (2011), Legalov (2012), Legalov (2015), Shin et al. (2018), Legalov (2019), Cai et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Curculionoidea by Crowson (1981), Kuschel (1992), Lawrence and Newton (1995), Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal (1999), Wappler (2003), Zherikhin and Gratshev (2004), Bouchard et al. (2011), Legalov (2012), Legalov (2015), Shin et al. (2018), Legalov (2019), Cai et al. (2022).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1823 | Ithyceridae Schoenherr |
| 1981 | Brenthidae Crowson p. 698 |
| 1992 | Brentidae Kuschel p. 196 |
| 1995 | Brentidae Lawrence and Newton, Jr. p. 788 |
| 1995 | Ithyceridae Lawrence and Newton, Jr. p. 788 |
| 1999 | Brentidae Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal |
| 2003 | Brentidae Wappler p. 111 |
| 2004 | Brentidae Zherikhin and Gratshev |
| 2011 | Brentidae Bouchard et al. |
| 2012 | Ithyceridae Legalov p. 689 |
| 2012 | Brentidae Legalov p. 691 |
| 2015 | Ithyceridae Legalov p. 1460 |
| 2015 | Brentidae Legalov p. 1476 |
| 2018 | Brentidae Shin et al. |
| 2019 | Brentidae Legalov p. 16 |
| 2022 | Brentidae Cai et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Brentidae Billberg 1820
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Subfm. Apioninae Schoenherr 1823
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Unr. Antliarhinitae Schoenherr 1823
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Unr. Apionitae Schonherr 1823
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Tr. Apionini Schonherr 1823
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Subtr. †Toxorhynchina Scudder 1893
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G. Apionion Kissinger 1998
Invalid names: Trichapiina Alonso-Zarazaga 1990 [synonym]
Invalid names: Toxorhynchini Scudder 1893 [synonym]
Tr. Piezotrachelini Voss 1959
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G. †Baltoconapium Legalov 2019
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†Baltoconapium anderseni Voss 1972
†Baltoconapium vilhelmseni Legalov 2022
Tr. Aplemonini Kissinger 1968
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G. Perapion Wagner 1907
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†Perapion menatensis Legalov et al. 2017
†Perapion profundum von Schlechtendal 1894
†Perapion rasnitsyni Legalov 2018
Unr. Aspidapiitae Alonso-Zarazaga 1990
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Tr. Aspidapiini Alonso-Zarazaga 1990
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Tr. Kalcapiini Alonso-Zarazaga 1990
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G. †Longifistulia Hong and Wang 1987
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†Longifistulia crassipedalis Zhang 1989
†Longifistulia edentis Zhang 1989
†Longifistulia parva Hong and Wang 1987
Tr. Tanaini Schonherr 1839
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Invalid names: Acalyptus obtusus Scudder 1893 [nomen dubium], Apion antiquum Heer 1864 [nomen dubium], Apion cockerelli Wickham 1911 [nomen dubium], Apion levirostre Förster 1891 [nomen dubium], Apion parvum Förster 1891 [nomen dubium], Apion primordiale von Heyden and von Heyden 1866 [nomen dubium], Apion sulcatum Förster 1891 [nomen dubium], Coeliodes primigenius Oustalet 1874 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. Brentinae Billberg 1820
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Unr. Cyphagogitae Kolbe 1892
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Tr. Cyphagogini Kolbe 1892
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G. Usambioproctus Kolbe 1916
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†Usambioproctus inclusus Kleine 1941
Invalid names: Xestocoryphus Kleine 1916 [synonym]
Tr. Trachelizini Lacordaire 1865
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Subtr. Stereodermina Sharp 1895
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Subtr. Trachelizina Lacordaire 1865
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G. †Eckfelderolispa Legalov and Wappler 2019
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Eckfelderolispa manderschieta Legalov and Wappler 2019
Eckfelderolispa perita Legalov and Wappler 2019
Eckfelderolispa petrefacta Legalov and Wappler 2019
Unr. Trachelizitae Lacordaire 1866
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Subfm. Eurhynchinae Lacordaire 1863
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Tr. †Axelrodiellini Legalov 2009
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Tr. Eurhynchini Lacordaire 1863
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Subfm. Ithycerinae Schoenherr 1823
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Subfm. Nanophyinae Gistel 1848
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Tr. Corimaliini Alonso-Zarazaga 1989
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G. Corimalia Gozis 1885
Invalid names: Corimalia cycloptera Theobald 1937 [nomen dubium]
Tr. Nanophyini Gistel 1848
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G. Nanophyes Schoenherr 1837
G. †Prionophyes Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal 1999
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†Prionophyes acanthomerus Dalman 1826
Invalid names: Prionopus Dalman 1826 [replaced]
Invalid names: Nanophyes japetus von Heyden and von Heyden 1866 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Ithyceridae Schoenherr 1823 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Callovian to the top of the Holocene or 165.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 154.8 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 154.8 Ma
Collections (91 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Callovian - Oxfordian | Kazakhstan (Chimkent) | Karacar contractus (106102) Praecar stolidus (106101) | |
| Aptian | Mongolia | Mongolocar orcinus, Palaeocar princeps (103273) | |
| Aptian | Russian Federation (Buryatia) | Baissacar passarius (106103) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Brazil (Ceará) | Axelrodiellus ruptus (122352) | |
| Turonian | Botswana | Orapaeus cretaceus (123430) | |
| Turonian | Kazakhstan | Falsotanaos convexus (127856) Pretanaos ocularis, Longotanaos rasnitsyni (103274) | |
| Selandian | France (Auvergne) | Apion sp. (113685) Perapion menatensis (123463) | |
| Ypresian | France (Oise) | Palaeotanaos oisensis (123850) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Washington) | Eoceneithycerus carpenteri (104761) Ithyceroides klondikensis (147822) | |
| Ypresian | Russian Federation (Primorsky Krai) | Cretotanaos bontsaganensis (123616) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Colorado) | Apion evestigatum (114681) Palaeonanophyes zherikhini, Perapion rasnitsyni (138675) | |
| MP 11 | Germany (Hessen) | Brentidae indet. (120798) | |
| MP 13 | Germany (Eifel) | Apioninae indet. 3, Apioninae indet. 4 (24201) Apioninae indet. 3, Trachelizini indet. 1, Eckfelderolispa petrefacta (135643) Apioninae indet. 4, Trachelizini indet. 1 (135641) Brentinae indet. 2 (135644) Brentinae indet. 2, Trachelizini indet. 1, Eckfelderolispa manderschieta (138912) Trachelizini indet. 1 (135640 135645) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Colorado) | Anthonomus arctus (122093) | |
| Priabonian | Denmark | Involvulus liquidus, Apion anderseni (123762) | |
| Priabonian | Russian Federation (Kaliningrad) | Apion kuntzeni (123757) Apion subdiscedens (123771) Melanapion gusakovi (124951) Melanapion wanati, Conapium alleni, Melanapion poinari, Baltocyba electrinus, Baltonanophyes crassirostre, Toxorhynchus michalskii, Zherikhiniellus rarus, Baltoconapium vilhelmseni (134456) Succinapion telnovi (152022) | |
| Priabonian | Ukraine | Toxorhynchus europeoeocenicus (207959) | |
| Priabonian | Lithuania | Apion khnzoriani (113470) | |
| Priabonian | France | Apion sp., Corimalia cycloptera (113709) | |
| Chadronian | USA (Colorado) | Apion cockerelli (123981) Apion confectum, Apion refrenatum (106379) Apion pumilum (34966) Apion refrenatum (106381) Toxorhynchus grandis (144404) Toxorhynchus minusculus (106383) Toxorhynchus minusculus, Anthonomus corruptus, Apion florissantensis, Apion scudderianum (113749) Toxorhynchus minusculus, Apion confectum (106382) Toxorhynchus minusculus, Apion confectum, Apion refrenatum, Toxorhynchus oculatus, Apion pumilum, Acalyptus obtusus, Anthonomus arctus, Anthonomus corruptus, Anthonomus reventus (106384) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | France | Apion levirostre (121474) Apion parvum (121473 122408) Apion primordiale (121477) Apion sulcatum (121475) | |
| Rupelian | Germany | Apion primordiale (122407) | |
| Chattian | France (Bouches-Du-Rhone) | Coeliodes primigenius (123944 138838) | |
| MP 30 | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Apion profundum (142560) | |
| MP 30 | Germany | Apion primordiale, Nanophyes japetus (123945) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | New Zealand | Perroudia manuherikia (207009) | |
| Burdigalian | China (Shandong) | Balanobius edentis, Balanobius crassipedalis (128552) Longifistulia parva (128550) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Dominican Republic | Dominibrentus leptus (134457) Toxorhynchus atriantenus (122982) Toxorhynchus leptorhinus, Toxorhynchus robustus, Toxorhynchus amphioculus, Toxorhynchus atriartus, Toxorhynchus hispaniolicus, Toxorhynchus microsomus, Toxorhynchus stenelytrus, Toxorhynchus dominicanus, Toxorhynchus convexus, Toxorhynchus fuscocorpus, Toxorhynchus hispidulus, Toxorhynchus convexoculus, Apionion homochronon, Apionion kallimosum, Apionion formoculus, Stenapion levigatum (122472) | |
| Sarmatian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Apion antiquum, Rhynchites dionysus, Antliarhinites gracilis, Miocenocylas heeri (117252) | |
| Chibanian | Russian Federation | Loborhynchapion amethystinum (163094 163095) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | United Kingdom | Apion sp. (168264 168267 168268 168269 168271) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | United Kingdom (Warwickshire) | Apion sp. (169388 169389 169391 169392) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (British Columbia) | Apion spp. (167673) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Apion sp. (164906) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Washington) | Apion sp. (169359 169360 169362) Apionini indet. (157092 167662) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Colorado) | Apion attenuatum (169353) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | United Kingdom (Worcestershire) | Apion spp. (163070) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Russian Federation | Betulapion simile (173216) Loborhynchapion amethystinum (153441 153442 153443 153446 173208 173211) | |
| Tarantian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Apion sp. (137204) | |
| Holocene | Tanzania | Brenthus nasalis (165051) Prionopus acanthomerus (152160) Xestocoryphus inclusus (176014) |