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Titanochelon
Discussion
Titanochelon is a new genus created to included mainly the Neogene large testudinids from Europe, which were previously included in the genus Cheirogaster Bergounioux (1935)
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Taxonomy
Titanochelon was named by Pérez-García and Vlachos (2014). It was considered monophyletic by Pérez-García and Vlachos (2014).
It was assigned to Testudinidae by Pérez-García and Vlachos (2014), Pérez-García et al. (2017) and Vlachos et al. (2019); to Testudininae by Vlachos and Rabi (2018) and Perez-Garcia et al. (2021); and to Geochelonini by Vlachos (2021) and Pappa et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Testudinidae by Pérez-García and Vlachos (2014), Pérez-García et al. (2017) and Vlachos et al. (2019); to Testudininae by Vlachos and Rabi (2018) and Perez-Garcia et al. (2021); and to Geochelonini by Vlachos (2021) and Pappa et al. (2023).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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2014 | Titanochelon Pérez-García and Vlachos |
2017 | Titanochelon Pérez-García et al. |
2018 | Titanochelon Vlachos and Rabi p. 663 |
2019 | Titanochelon Vlachos et al. |
2021 | Titanochelon Perez-Garcia et al. |
2021 | Titanochelon Vlachos |
2023 | Titanochelon Pappa et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Titanochelon Pérez-García and Vlachos 2014
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†Titanochelon bacharidisi Vlachos et al. 2014
†Titanochelon bolivari Hernandez-Pacheco 1917
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Invalid names: Testudo richardi Bergounioux 1938 [synonym]
†Titanochelon ginsburgi Broin 1977
†Titanochelon kayadibiensis Karl et al. 2021
†Titanochelon perpiniana Depéret 1885
†Titanochelon schafferi Szalai 1931
†Titanochelon schleichi Pappa et al. 2023
†Titanochelon vitodurana Biedermann 1862
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Invalid names: Testudo picteti Biedermann 1862 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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E. Vlachos 2021 | The members of Geochelonini represented in the Greek fossil record can be easily distinguished from those belonging to Testudinini (see below) based on several characters from the shell: large size, with individuals that reach or exceed one meter in carapace length; absence of cervical scute; contact between marginal 6 and pleural 3; and absence of a plastral hinge. | |
I. Pappa et al. 2023 | belongs to Geochelonini based on the contact between the pleural 3 and marginal 6 |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Ernst and Barbour 1989 |
Collections (72 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Early/Lower Miocene | Portugal (Lisbon) | Testudo bolivari (184304) | |
Burdigalian | Spain (Catalonia) | T. bolivari (205815) | |
Burdigalian | Spain (Lardero) | T. bolivari (217466 217467) | |
Burdigalian | Portugal (Lisbon) | T. bolivari (35989) | |
Burdigalian - Langhian | Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) | Geochelone sp. (106003) | |
Orleanian | Spain (Madrid) | Geochelone bolivari (40747) | |
MN 4 | France (Centre) | Testudo ginsburgi (69116) | |
Langhian | Portugal (Lisbon) | T. bolivari (35986) | |
Langhian | Spain (Catalonia) | T. sp. (180192) | |
Langhian | Spain | T. bolivari (187337 187341) | |
Langhian | Germany (Bavaria) | Geochelone perpiniana (34615) | |
MN 5 - MN 6 | Portugal | Testudo bolivari (65912) | |
MN 5 - MN 6 | Turkey (Ankara) | Cheirogaster bolivari (68561) | |
Langhian - Serravallian | Spain | T. bolivari (187338 187347) | |
Middle Miocene | Portugal (Azambuja Municipality) | T. bolivari (184303) | |
Middle Miocene | Turkey (Mugla) | Cheirogaster bolivari (184394) | |
Middle Miocene | Spain | Cheirogaster bolivari (144667) Testudo bolivari (144666) | |
Middle Miocene | Spain (Segovia) | Cheirogaster bolivari (208187) | |
Middle Miocene | Spain (Madrid) | Cheirogaster bolivari (197674) | |
Serravallian | Switzerland (Zurich) | Testudo picteti (198617) Testudo vitodurana (198616) | |
Serravallian | Spain | Testudo sp. (187336) T. bolivari (187339 187342 187343 187344 187345 187346) | |
Badenian | Czech Republic (Brno) | T. sp. (207955) | |
MN 7 + 8 | Spain (Cataluña) | Testudo richardi (92640) | |
Tortonian | Germany (Bavaria) | T. sp. (206345) | |
Tortonian | Spain | T. bolivari (187340) | |
Vallesian | Spain (Catalonia) | T. richardi (193491 193496) | |
Vallesian | Spain | Cheirogaster richardi (144670) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Attica) | Testudo schafferi (182754) Testudo sp. (183121) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Turkey (Afyon) | Cheirogaster bolivari (184398) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Pieria) | T. sp. (226433 226434 226435 226437 226439 226440) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Turkey | Cheirogaster bolivari (56563) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Kassandra) | T. sp. (202330) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Turkey (Konya) | Cheirogaster bolivari (184395) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Chalkidona) | Testudo sp. (182750) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Aegean) | Testudo schafferi (182751) Testudo sp. (202120) | |
MN 10 | Spain (Madrid) | Testudinidae indet. (197661) | |
MN 11 | Spain (Alicante) | Cheirogaster bolivari (68914) | |
Turolian | Greece (Makedonia Thraki) | Chelonia indet. (157582) | |
Messinian | Greece | T. schafferi (95690 95691) | |
Early/Lower Pliocene | Spain (Murcia) | T. sp. (185681) | |
Early/Lower Pliocene | Bulgaria (Yambol) | Testudo sp. (184410) | |
Zanclean | France (Pyrénées-Orientales) | Testudo perpiniana (178672) | |
Ruscinian | Greece | Testudo sp. (36579) | |
Early/Lower Pliocene - Late/Upper Pliocene | Greece (Thessaloniki) | Cheirogaster bacharidisi (182672 182673 182674) | |
Pliocene | France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) | Testudo perpiniana (36103) | |
Zanclean - Piacenzian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) | Cheirogaster perpiniana (36985) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Spain (Alcolea de Calatrava) | Cheirogaster sp. (224542) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Greece (Grevena) | T. sp. (185859) | |
Gelasian | Spain (Granada) | T. sp. (77773) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | Greece (Lesvos) | Testudinata indet. (183341) |