PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Collembola (springtail)

Collembola

Taxonomy

Collembola was named by Lubbock (1871). It is extant.

It was reranked as the subclass Collembola by Christiansen and Nascimbene (2006); it was reranked as the class Collembola by Sánchez-García and Engel (2016).

It was assigned to Hexapoda by Hirst and Maulik (1926); to Entognatha by Christiansen and Nascimbene (2006); and to Ellipura by Misof et al. (2014) and Sánchez-García and Engel (2016).

Sister taxa

Entomobryomorpha, Poduromorpha, Symphypleona

Synonyms

Orchesella concolor was named by von Olfers (1907). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Baltic amber, Konigsberg collection, which is in a Priabonian terrestrial amber in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).
Polystylus was named by von Olfers (1907).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).
Polystylus quinquecaudatus was named by von Olfers (1907). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Baltic amber, Konigsberg collection, which is in a Priabonian terrestrial amber in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).
Isotoma acuticauda was named by von Olfers (1907). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Baltic amber, Konigsberg collection, which is in a Priabonian terrestrial amber in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).
Isotoma falcicaudata was named by von Olfers (1907). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Baltic amber, Konigsberg collection, which is in a Priabonian terrestrial amber in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).
Isotoma hirta was named by von Olfers (1907). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Baltic amber, Konigsberg collection, which is in a Priabonian terrestrial amber in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).
Triaenura was named by von Olfers (1907).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).
Triaenura cornuta was named by von Olfers (1907). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Baltic amber, Konigsberg collection, which is in a Priabonian terrestrial amber in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).
Lipura longipes was named by von Olfers (1907). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Baltic amber, Konigsberg collection, which is in a Priabonian terrestrial amber in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).
Achorutes latidens was named by von Olfers (1907). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Baltic amber, Konigsberg collection, which is in a Priabonian terrestrial amber in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).
Anoura stricta was named by von Olfers (1907). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Baltic amber, Konigsberg collection, which is in a Priabonian terrestrial amber in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).
Xenylla constricta was named by von Olfers (1907). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Baltic amber, Konigsberg collection, which is in a Priabonian terrestrial amber in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).
Xenylla inermis was named by von Olfers (1907). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Baltic amber, Konigsberg collection, which is in a Priabonian terrestrial amber in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).
Papirius verrucosus was named by von Olfers (1907). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Baltic amber, Konigsberg collection, which is in a Priabonian terrestrial amber in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).
Papirius brevicaudatus was named by von Olfers (1907). It is an inclusion in amber. Its type locality is Baltic amber, Konigsberg collection, which is in a Priabonian terrestrial amber in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Handschin (1926).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1871	Collembola Lubbock fig. 295
1907	Orchesella concolor von Olfers p. 21 fig. 44
1907	Polystylus von Olfers p. 24
1907	Polystylus quinquecaudatus von Olfers p. 24 fig. 60
1907	Isotoma acuticauda von Olfers p. 25 fig. 64
1907	Isotoma falcicaudata von Olfers p. 25 fig. 66
1907	Isotoma hirta von Olfers p. 26 fig. 67
1907	Lipura longipes von Olfers p. 26 fig. 70
1907	Triaenura von Olfers p. 26
1907	Triaenura cornuta von Olfers p. 26 fig. 68
1907	Achorutes latidens von Olfers p. 27 fig. 72
1907	Anoura stricta von Olfers p. 28 fig. 78
1907	Xenylla constricta von Olfers p. 28 fig. 80
1907	Xenylla inermis von Olfers p. 28 fig. 81
1907	Papirius brevicaudatus von Olfers p. 30 fig. 90
1907	Papirius verrucosus von Olfers p. 30 fig. 89
1926	Collembola Hirst and Maulik
2006	Collembola Christiansen and Nascimbene
2014	Collembola Misof et al.
2016	Collembola Sánchez-García and Engel

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa
—	Panarthropoda

Rank	Name	Author
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
—	Ellipura	Börner 1910
class	Collembola	(Lubbock 1871)
class	Collembola	(Lubbock 1871)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cl. Collembola Lubbock 1871 [springtail]

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Or. Entomobryomorpha Börner 1913

Superfm. Entomobryoidea Schaffer 1896

Fm. Cyphoderidae Börner 1913

G. Cyphoderus Nicolet 1842

Fm. Entomobryidae Schaffer 1896

G. Acrocyrtus Yosii 1959

G. Dicranocentrus Schött 1893

Subfm. Entomobryinae Schaffer 1896

G. Drepanura Schott 1891

G. Entomobrya Rondani 1861

Invalid names: Catastylus von Olfers 1907 [synonym], Cuculliger von Olfers 1907 [synonym], Degeeria Nicolet 1842 [replaced], Lepismodion von Olfers 1907 [synonym], Omophora von Olfers 1907 [synonym], Palpiger von Olfers 1907 [synonym], Palpigeridia von Olfers 1907 [synonym], Palpigerina von Olfers 1907 [synonym], Stylonotus von Olfers 1907 [synonym]

G. Homidia Börner 1906

G. Lepidocyrtinus Borner 1903

Subfm. Lepidocyrtinae Wahlgren 1906

G. Lepidocyrtus Bourlet 1839

G. Pseudosinella Schaeffer 1897

Subfm. Orchesellinae Börner 1906

G. Orchesella Templeton 1836

G. †Permobrya Riek 1976

†Permobrya mirabilis Riek 1976

Subfm. Seirinae Yosii 1961

G. Seira Lubbock 1869

G. Willowsia Shoebotham 1917

Invalid names: Catastylidae von Olfers 1907 [synonym], Palpigeridae von Olfers 1907 [synonym]

Fm. †Oncobryidae Christiansen and Pike 2002

G. †Oncobrya Christiansen and Pike 2002

†Oncobrya decepta Christiansen and Pike 2002

Fm. Paronellidae Borner 1913

G. Callyntrura Borner 1906

G. Lepidonella Yosii 1960

G. Paronella Schott 1893

G. Salina MacGillivray 1894

Salina tristani Denis 1931

Fm. †Praentomobryidae Christiansen and Nascimbene 2006

G. †Cretacentomobrya Christiansen and Nascimbene 2006

†Cretacentomobrya burma Christiansen and Nascimbene 2006

G. †Praentomobrya Christiansen and Nascimbene 2006

†Praentomobrya avita Christiansen and Nascimbene 2006

Superfm. Isotomoidea Schaffer 1896

Fm. Isotomidae Schaffer 1896

Subfm. Anurophorinae Börner 1901

G. †Burmisotoma Christiansen and Nascimbene 2006

G. Cryptopygus Willem 1901

Invalid names: Isotomina Borner 1903 [synonym]

G. Proisotoma Borner 1901

G. †Protoisotoma Christiansen and Pike 2002

G. Tetracanthella Schött 1891

G. †Villusisotoma Christiansen and Nascimbene 2006

G. Anurophorus Nicolet 1842

Subfm. Isotominae Schaffer 1896

G. Desoria Nicolet 1841

G. Isotoma Bourlet 1839

G. Isotomurus Borner 1906

G. †Protodesoria Christiansen and Nascimbene 2006

G. Vertagopus Börner 1906

Subfm. Pachyotominae Potapov 2001

G. †Propachyotoma Christiansen and Nascimbene 2006

G. †Rhyniella Hirst and Maulik 1926

†Rhyniella praecursor Hirst and Maulik 1926

Fm. †Protentomobryidae Folsom 1937

G. †Protentomobrya Folsom 1937

†Protentomobrya walkeri Folsom 1937

Superfm. Tomoceroidea Borner 1913

Fm. Tomoceridae Borner 1913

G. †Entomocerus Christiansen and Pike 2002

†Entomocerus mirus Christiansen and Pike 2002

G. Tomocerus Nicolet 1841

Tomocerus minor Lubbock 1862

†Tomocerus taeniatus Koch and Berendt 1854

Invalid names: Isotoma larvata von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium]

G. Paidium Koch 1840

†Paidium crassicorne Koch and Berendt 1854

†Paidium pyriforme Koch and Berendt 1854

Or. Poduromorpha Borner 1906

Superfm. Hypogastruroidea Börner 1906

Fm. Hypogastruridae Börner 1906

G. Hypogastrura Bourlet 1839

Subg. Hypogastrura (Ceratophysella) Börner 1932

Subg. Hypogastrura (Schoettella) Schaffer 1896

Hypogastrura bengtssoni Agren 1904

†Hypogastrura intermedia Handschin 1926

†Hypogastrura protoviatica Handschin 1926

Superfm. Neanuroidea Börner 1901

Fm. Brachystomellidae Stach 1949

G. †Bellingeria Christiansen and Pike 2002

†Bellingeria cornua Christiansen and Pike 2002

Fm. Neanuridae Börner 1901

G. Micranurida Börner 1901

Subfm. Neanurinae Börner 1901

G. Lobella Börner 1906

G. †Pseudoxenylla Christiansen and Pike 2002

Subfm. Pseudachorutinae Börner 1906

G. Pseudachorutes Tullberg 1871

Fm. Odontellidae Massoud 1967

G. †Protodontella Christiansen and Nascimbene 2006

†Protodontella minicornis Christiansen and Nascimbene 2006

Superfm. Onychiuroidea Lubbock 1868

Fm. Onychiuridae Lubbock 1868

G. Lophognathella Börner 1908

Lophognathella choreutes Börner 1908

G. Onychiurus Gervais 1841

Superfm. Poduroidea Latreille 1802

Fm. Poduridae Latreille 1802

G. Podura Linnaeus 1758

†Podura fuscata Koch and Berendt 1854

†Podura pulchra Koch and Berendt 1854

G. Schaefferia Absolon 1900

Or. Symphypleona Borner 1901

Subor. Appendiciphora Bretfeld 1986

Infraor. Katianniformia Bretfeld 1986

Superfm. Katiannoidea Börner 1913

Fm. Arrhopalitidae Stach 1956

Fm. Katiannidae Börner 1913

Invalid names: Collophoridae Bretfeld 1999 [empty], Spinothecidae Delamare-Deboutteville 1961 [empty]

Superfm. Sturmioidea Bretfeld 1994

Invalid names: Sturmiidae Bretfeld 1994 [empty]

Infraor. Sminthuriformia Bretfeld 1986

Superfm. Dicyrtomoidea Borner 1906

Fm. Dicyrtomidae Borner 1906

Superfm. Sminthuroidea Lubbock 1862

Fm. Bourletiellidae Börner 1913

Fm. Sminthuridae Lubbock 1862 [globular springtail]

Subor. Sminthuridida Bretfeld 1986

Superfm. Sminthuridoidea Börner 1906

Fm. Sminthurididae Börner 1906

G. †Electrosminthuridia Robin et al. 2019

G. †Pseudosminthurides Sánchez-García and Engel 2016

Invalid names: Mackenziellidae Yosii 1961 [empty]

Invalid names: Sminthurus crassicaudatus von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Sminthurus cristatus von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Sminthurus gracillimus von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Sminthurus longidens von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Sminthurus longipes von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium]

Invalid names: Achorutes latidens von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Anoura stricta von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Isotoma acuticauda von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Isotoma falcicaudata von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Isotoma hirta von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Lipura longipes von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Orchesella concolor von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Papirius brevicaudatus von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Papirius verrucosus von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Polystylus von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Polystylus quinquecaudatus von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Triaenura von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Triaenura cornuta von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Xenylla constricta von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Xenylla inermis von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

chitino

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobilep

Created:

2017-04-17 09:56:34

Modified:

2017-04-17 09:56:34

Source: o = order, p = phylum

References: Kiessling 2004, Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Pragian to the top of the Langhian or 410.80000 to 13.82000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 407.6 Ma

Collections (47 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Pragian	410.8 - 407.6	United Kingdom (Scotland)	Rhyniella praecursor (164613 172777)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	South Africa (Gauteng)	Permobrya mirabilis (122863)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	Spain (Álava)	Entomobryomorpha indet., Burmisotoma spinulifera, Protoisotoma autrigoniensis, Proisotoma communis, Pseudosminthurides stoechus, Archeallacma dolichopoda, Sminthurus sp. 1, Cryptopygus sp., Proisotoma sp., Anurophorus sp., Onychiurus sp., Micranurida sp., Fasciosminthurus sp., Arrhopalites sp., Sminthurus sp. 2 (108769)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Myanmar	Sminthuridae indet., Tomoceridae indet., Isotomidae indet., Grinnellia ventis, Sminthuricinus decepta, Mucrovirga incompleta, Sminthurconus grimaldi, Villusisotoma brevis, Villusisotoma longa, Proisotoma pettersonae, Burmisotoma lamellifera, Protoisotoma burma, Propachyotoma conica, Protodesoria granda, Protodontella minicornis, Poduroidea indet. 1, Poduroidea indet. 2, Poduroidea indet. 3, Poduroidea indet. 4, Poduroidea indet. 5, Poduroidea indet. 6, Poduroidea indet. 7, Poduroidea indet. 8, Poduroidea indet., Praentomobrya avita, Cretacentomobrya burma, Entomobryoidea indet. (111688)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Manitoba)	Entomocerus mirus (122353) Protentomobrya walkeri (122356)
Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Alberta)	Bellingeria cornua (122383) Brevimucronus anomalus (104932) Keratopygos megalos (122390) Oncobrya decepta, Protoisotoma sp. (122384) Protoisotoma form 2, Protoisotoma form 3, Protoisotoma sp., Protoisotoma micromucra, Pseudoxenylla fovealis (122387) Protoisotoma form 3 (34896) Protoisotoma sp., Protoisotoma micromucra (122388)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	France (Oise)	Collembola indet. (68174)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Russian Federation (Kaliningrad)	Hypogastrura protoviatica, Isotoma protocinerea, Tomocerus taeniatus, Entomobrya pilosa, Allacma plumosa (127170) Lepismodion machilops, Hypogastrura intermedia, Isotoma protocinerea, Isotoma crassicornis, Tomocerus taeniatus, Entomobrya pilosa, Lepidocyrtus ambricus, Orchesella eocaena, Sminthurus succineus, Allacma plumosetosa, Allacma plumosa, Allacma setosa (124073) Sminthurus sp., Palpiger cucullatus, Palpigerina sminthuroides, Palpigerina elongata, Palpigeridia longicollis, Palpigeridia crassula, Degeeria robusta, Degeeria jubata, Degeeria signata, Degeeria gracilis, Degeeria obesa, Stylonotus lanuginosus, Omophora tricuspidata, Orchesella concolor, Seira pachysceles, Catastylus calcaratus, Catastylus crassus, Catastylus crassicaudatus, Catastylus nasicornis, Cuculliger longistylus, Polystylus quinquecaudatus, Isotoma acuticauda, Isotoma falcicaudata, Isotoma larvata, Isotoma hirta, Triaenura cornuta, Lipura longipes, Achorutes latidens, Anoura stricta, Xenylla constricta, Xenylla inermis, Sminthurus longipes, Sminthurus gracillimus, Sminthurus crassicaudatus, Sminthurus cristatus, Sminthurus longidens, Papirius verrucosus, Papirius brevicaudatus, Tomocerus taeniatus, Entomobrya pilosa, Lepidocyrtus ambricus, Orchesella eocaena, Allacma plumosetosa, Allacma plumosa, Allacma setosa, Podura aquatica, Achorutes rufescens, Orchesella villosa, Lipura ambulans, Achorutes viaticus, Achorutes armatus, Achorutes manubrialis, Achorutes inermis, Anoura muscorum, Anurida granaria, Tritomurus scutellatus, Isotoma palustris, Isotoma minuta, Templetonia nitida, Cremastocephalus trilobatus, Tomocerus plumbeus, Lepidocyrtus curvicollis, Lepidocyrtus aeneus, Lepidocyrtus gibbulus, Sminthurus fuscus (123927) Symphypleona indet. (201682) Tomocerus taeniatus (124579)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Poland	Podura taenita, Podura fuscata, Podura pulchra, Podura pilosa, Paidium crassicorne, Paidium pyriforme, Sminthurus longicornis, Sminthurus brevicornis, Sminthurus ovatulus (109625) Sminthurus succineus (123438)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Mexico (Chiapas)	Entomobrya sp. (140213 140214 140215) Entomobrya sp., Entomobrya decora, Entomobrya litigiosa, Drepanura sp., Lepidocyrtinus frater (124467) Entomobrya sp., Entomobrya decora, Entomobrya trifasciata (106432) Entomobrya sp., Entomobrya litigiosa (140217) Entomobrya sp., Isotomurus retardatus (124471) Entomobrya sp., Lepidocyrtinus frater, Salina tristani (140209) Entomobrya sp., Lepidocyrtus sp., Lepidocyrtus geayi, Paronella sp. (124474) Entomobrya sp., Paronella sp. (140216) Entomobrya trifasciata (140218) Isotomina sp. (140219) Lepidocyrtinus frater (140211) Lepidocyrtus sp. (140210) Salina tristani (140212)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Ethiopia	Collembola indet., Isotomidae indet. (151982)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Mexico	Seira sp. (21977)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	New Zealand (Otago)	Entomobryidae indet., Collembola indet. (191650)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.44 - 13.82	Dominican Republic	Electrosminthuridia helibionta (122982) Sphyrotheca sp. (134944) Sphyrotheca sp., Lepidocyrtus sp., Salina sp., Paronella sp., Cryptopygus sp., Isotoma sp. 1, Isotoma sp. 2, Pseudosinella sp., Seira sp., Cyphoderus sp. 1, Cyphoderus sp. 2 (140492)
Hemingfordian	20.43 - 15.97	USA (California)	Entomobrya atrocincta (106431) Entomobrya kirkbyae (152196) Entomobrya sp. (138761)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	China (Fujian)	Entomobrya sp., Sphyrotheca sp., Lepidocyrtus sp., Salina sp., Pseudosinella sp., Podura sp., Hypogastrura sp., Tomocerus sp., Desoria sp., Homidia sp., Pseudachorutes sp., Ceratophysella sp., Sminthurinus sp., Acrocyrtus sp., Dicranocentrus sp., Willowsia sp., Lepidonella sp., Callyntrura sp., Ptenothrix sp. (220273)