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Salmoniformes

Osteichthyes - Salmoniformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1859Salmoniformes Bleeker
1981Salmoniformes Thurmond and Jones p. 99
1987Salmoniformes Kumar and Loyal p. 75
1988Salmoniformes Case and Schwimmer p. 299
1990Salmoniformes Nolf and Dockery III p. 6
1999Salmoniformes Constantin
2001Salmoniformes Peng et al. p. 16
2002Salmoniformes Sepkoski
2006Salmoniformes Nelson
2011Salmoniformes Long p. 243
2012Salmoniformes Fierstine et al. p. 42
2013Salmoniformes Betancur et al.
2016Salmoniformes Nelson et al. p. 244
2019Salmoniformes van der Laan p. 68

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassActinopterygii()
RankNameAuthor
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Euteleosteomorpha
—Protacanthopterygii()
orderSalmoniformesBleeker 1859
orderSalmoniformesBleeker 1859

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Salmoniformes Bleeker 1859
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G. †Barcarenichthys Gayet 1989
G. †Casieroides Taverne 1975
G. †Chardonius Taverne 1975
Subor. †Cimolichthyoidei Goody 1969
+
Fm. †Cimolichthyidae Goody 1969
+
G. †Cimolichthys Leidy
+
+
Invalid names: Plinthophorus robustus Gunther 1864 [synonym]
Invalid names: Plinthophorus Gunther 1864 [synonym]
Fm. †Prionolepididae Goody 1969
+
+
†Prionolepis angustus Egerton 1850
G. †Gharbouria Gayet 1988
G. †Goudkoffia David 1946
G. †Natlandia David 1946
G. Prosopium Jordan 1878
+
†Prosopium prolixus Smith 1975
G. †Pseudoleptolepis Taverne 1975
Fm. Salmonidae Cuvier 1816
+
G. †Helgolandichthys Taverne 1981
+
†Helgolandichthys schmidi Taverne 1981
G. Hucho Guenther 1866
G. †Leptichthys Stewart 1899
+
†Leptichthys agilis Stewart 1899
G. Oncorhynchus Suckley 1860 [Pacific salmon]
+
†Oncorhynchus ketopsis Eiting and Smith 2007
Oncorhynchus rastrosus Cavender and Miller 1972
†Oncorhynchus salax Smith 1975
G. Osmerus Forskal 1775
+
†Osmerus albyi Sauvage 1870
†Osmerus glarisianus Agassiz 1842
†Osmerus larteti Sauvage 1870
†Osmerus propterygius Sauvage 1870
†Osmerus stilpnos Sauvage 1870
G. †Rhabdofario Cope 1870
G. Salmo Linnaeus 1758 [salmon]
+
Salmo muelleri Gmelin 1789 [Mueller's pearlside]
G. †Salmonidarum Unknown
+
†Salmonidarum acutirostratus Schwarzhans 2003
Subfm. Salmoninae Cuvier 1816
+
G. †Eosalmo Wilson 1975
+
†Eosalmo driftwoodensis Wilson 1977
G. Salvelinus Richardson 1836
+
Salvelinus namaycush Walbaum 1792
G. †Sivulliusalmo Brinkman et al. 2025
+
†Sivulliusalmo alaskensis Brinkman et al. 2025
G. †Smilodonichthys Cavender and Miller 1972 [spike toothed salmon]
G. Thymallus Cuvier 1829
Invalid names: Esocoidea Bleeker 1859 [empty], Esocoidei Berg 1936 [empty], Myctophoidei [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-20 21:40:35
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:40:35
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Aptian to the top of the Holocene or 121.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 119.57 Ma

Collections (126 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 119.57Germany Helgolandichthys schmidi (212878)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9United Kingdom (England) Prionolepis angustus (159610)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Colorado) Cimolichthys nepaholica (132505)
Middle Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Nebraska) Cimolichthys nepaholica (239336)
Middle Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Canada (Saskatchewan) Salmoniformes indet. (22731 52997)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9United Kingdom (England) Prionolepis angustus (63042 222438 222567 222569 222570)
Cenomanian - Turonian100.5 - 89.8United Kingdom (England) Prionolepis angustus, Cimolichthys lewesiensis (238510)
Early/Lower Turonian93.9 - 89.8Canada (Northwest Territories) Cimolichthys sp. (220907)
Early/Lower Turonian93.9 - 89.8Canada (Alberta) Cimolichthys levesiensis (213294)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian93.9 - 89.8United Kingdom (England) Prionolepis angustus (222571)
Late/Upper Turonian - Early/Lower Coniacian93.9 - 85.7Mexico (Coahuila) Cimolichthyoidei indet., Prionolepididae indet. (92293)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6USA (South Dakota) Cimolichthys nepaholica (194130)
Middle Santonian - Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6USA (Kansas) Cimolichthys nepaholica (241665)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6USA (Kansas) Cimolichthys nepaholica (94652)
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian85.7 - 72.2USA (Alabama) Cimolichthys nepaholica (81934 82049)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2Italy Salmoniformes indet. (35332)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Northwest Territories) Cimolichthys sp. (106341)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Alabama) Cimolichthys nepaholica (81930)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Germany Cimolichthys sp. (241700)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Esocoidea indet. (22695 22696 22697 22698 45238 45260 45261 45262 45264 47784 47793 47811 47812 47814 47816 89605 98674 98677)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Utah) Salmoniformes indet., Esocoidea indet. (75836)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Alaska) Sivulliusalmo alaskensis (14495 231243 240913)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (New Jersey) Salmoniformes indet. (14455)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Esocoidea indet. (45240 47794 47795 47809)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Manitoba) Cimolichthys nepaholica (36707 36748 36749)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Saskatchewan) Esocoidea indet. (229975)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Salmoniformes indet. (135739)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (Montana) Esocoidei indet. (14549)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Brazil (Paraiba) Cimolichthys sp. (134949)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Netherlands Cimolichthys sp. (241706)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Netherlands (Limburg) Cimolichthys sp. (116894)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Osteichthyes indet. (27014)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Montana) Esocoidei indet. (227221)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Niger Cimolichthys sp. (229529)
Selandian61.66 - 59.24Denmark Salmonidarum acutirostratus (159793)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Canada (British Columbia) Eosalmo driftwoodensis (32896)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03United Kingdom (England) Osmerus delicatulus (41992)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03USA (Washington) Eosalmo sp. (189961)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71USA (Washington) Eosalmo driftwoodensis (210134)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Romania Scopeloides glarisianus (113962)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.04Czechia Scopeloides glarisianus (125331)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45Canada (Northwest Territories) Osmerus sp., Salmoniformes indet., Eosalmo sp. (21371)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Idaho) Hucho sp. (193968)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246USA (California) Smilodonichthys rastrosus (50069) Smilodonichthys sp. (52184 52216 59161)
Tortonian - Piacenzian11.63 - 2.58USA (California) Oncorhynchus sp. (188305)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Oregon) Oncorhynchus ketopsis (238031) Smilodonichthys rastrosus (234592)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (California) Smilodonichthys rastrosus (19479 19480 234604)
Late/Upper Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (California) Oncorhynchus rastrosus (19582)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Emilia-Romagna) Salvelinus olivieroi (210236)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy Osmerus larteti, Osmerus albyi, Osmerus propterygius, Osmerus stilpnos (185692)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (California) Smilodonichthys rastrosus (50068)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (California) Oncorhynchus sp. (234663)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (Oregon) Oncorhynchus lacustris (226540) Smilodonichthys rastrosus (234595)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (Idaho) Oncorhynchus salax (238032)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Idaho) Salmonidae indet. (93106)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (California) Oncorhynchus sp. (234637)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58USA (California) Smilodonichthys sp. (52218)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Spain (Burgos) Salmonidae indet. (241995)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (California) Oncorhynchus clarki (234664)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (California) Salmonidae indet. (20431)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Canada (British Columbia) Oncorhynchus sp. (75232)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Oregon ) Oncorhynchus sp. (219041)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Oncorhynchus tachawytscha (155393)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Alberta) Thymallus arcticus (93528)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Michigan) Salvelinus namaycush (200325)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Newfoundland) Salvelinus alpinus (228844)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Greenland Salvelinus alpinus (162014 226353 227728 227752 227754 227758 227816 227817 227826 227829 227870)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Nunavut) Salmonidae sp. (228898) Salvelinus alpinus (228756) Salvelinus alpinus, Salvelinus sp., Salvelinus namaycush (160848 228927) Salvelinus sp. (228928)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Yukon) Prosopium sp., Thymallus sp. (228443)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Russian Federation Salmonidae indet. (171637)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Quebec) Salmonidae indet. (51005 224189)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Northwest Territories) Salmonidae indet. (228492) Salvelinus alpinus, Salmonidae indet., Salvelinus namaycush (228444) Salvelinus alpinus, Salvelinus sp., Salmonidae sp., Salvelinus namaycush (228921)