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Gymnarthridae
Taxonomy
Gymnarthridae was named by Case (1910). It is not extant. Its type is Gymnarthrus. It was considered monophyletic by Huttenlocker et al. (2013).
It was assigned to Gymnarthria by Case (1910); to Gymnarthriformes by Hay (1930); to Microsauria by Olson and Barghusen (1962), Olson (1970), Daly (1973), Thayer (1985); to Tuditanomorpha by Carroll and Gaskill (1978), Carroll (1988), Carroll et al. (1998); and to Recumbirostra by Huttenlocker et al. (2013), Pardo et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Gymnarthria by Case (1910); to Gymnarthriformes by Hay (1930); to Microsauria by Olson and Barghusen (1962), Olson (1970), Daly (1973), Thayer (1985); to Tuditanomorpha by Carroll and Gaskill (1978), Carroll (1988), Carroll et al. (1998); and to Recumbirostra by Huttenlocker et al. (2013), Pardo et al. (2017).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1910 | Gymnarthridae Case p. 177 |
| 1930 | Gymnarthridae Hay p. 32 |
| 1962 | Gymnarthridae Olson and Barghusen p. 13 |
| 1970 | Gymnarthridae Olson p. 403 |
| 1973 | Gymnarthridae Daly p. 571 |
| 1978 | Gymnarthridae Carroll and Gaskill p. 4 |
| 1985 | Gymnarthridae Thayer p. 690 |
| 1988 | Gymnarthridae Carroll |
| 1998 | Gymnarthridae Carroll et al. p. xi |
| 2013 | Gymnarthridae Huttenlocker et al. |
| 2017 | Gymnarthridae Pardo et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Gymnarthridae Case 1910
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G. †Cardiocephalus Broili 1904
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†Cardiocephalus peabodyi Carroll and Gaskill 1978
Invalid names: Gymnarthrus Case 1910 [synonym]
G. †Euryodus Olson 1939
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†Euryodus bonneri Schultze and Foreman 1981
†Euryodus dalyae Carroll and Gaskill 1978
†Euryodus primus Olson 1939
G. †Goniorhynchus Olson 1970
G. †Leiocephalikon Steen 1934
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†Leiocephalikon problematicum Dawson 1882
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Invalid names: Leiocephalikon eutheton Steen 1934 [synonym]
G. †Sparodus Fritsch 1876
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†Sparodus validus Fritsch 1876
Invalid names: Batrachocephalus Fritsch 1876 [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Westphalian A to the top of the Kungurian or 318.70000 to 274.40000 Ma
Collections (18 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Westphalian A | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Leiocephalikon eutheton, Amblyodon problematicum, Hylerpeton dawsoni (28069) Leiocephalikon problematicum (86946) | |
| Westphalian A - Westphalian B | USA (Arizona) | Elfridia bulbidens (92271) | |
| Westphalian D | Czechia (Pilsen) | Sparodus validus (84835) | |
| Wolfcampian | USA (New Mexico) | Stegotretus agyrus (171346) | |
| Permian | USA (Oklahoma) | Cardiocephalus sternbergi (221391 221392) | |
| Sakmarian | USA (Kansas) | Euryodus bonneri (177144) | |
| Sakmarian - Artinskian | USA (Texas) | Pariotichus brachyops (28324) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Texas) | Gymnarthrus willoughbyi (28145) Pariotichus brachyops (108766) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Oklahoma) | Euryodus sp., Bolterpeton carrolli, Cardiocephalus sternbergi, Parareptilia indet. (67862) | |
| Kungurian | USA (Oklahoma) | Cardiocephalus sp., Cardiocephalus sternbergi, Euryodus dalyae (67945) | |
| Kungurian | USA (Texas) | Cardiocephalus sternbergi, Gymnarthrus sp. (28275) Cardiocephalus sternbergi, Pariotichus brachyops, Gymnarthrus willoughbyi (28256) Euryodus primus (28267) Gymnarthridae indet. (12976 27704) |