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Pelobatidae (spadefoot toad)
Taxonomy
Pelobatidae was named by Lataste (1879). It is extant.
It was assigned to Arcifera by Gadow (1898); to Anomocoela by Kuhn (1946), McGrew et al. (1959); to Salientia by Estes (1964), Estes and Berberian (1970); to Anura by Carroll (1988), Evans and Milner (1993); to Anura by Frank and Ramus (1996), Böhme (2008); to Anura by Venczel and Stiuca (2008), Böhme (2010); and to Pelobatoidea by Sanchiz (1998), Gao and Wang (2001), Hoegg et al. (2004), Henrici and Haynes (2006), Gissi et al. (2006), Henrici (2009), Chen et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Arcifera by Gadow (1898); to Anomocoela by Kuhn (1946), McGrew et al. (1959); to Salientia by Estes (1964), Estes and Berberian (1970); to Anura by Carroll (1988), Evans and Milner (1993); to Anura by Frank and Ramus (1996), Böhme (2008); to Anura by Venczel and Stiuca (2008), Böhme (2010); and to Pelobatoidea by Sanchiz (1998), Gao and Wang (2001), Hoegg et al. (2004), Henrici and Haynes (2006), Gissi et al. (2006), Henrici (2009), Chen et al. (2016).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1879 | Pelobatidae Lataste |
| 1898 | Pelobatidae Gadow p. 15 |
| 1946 | Pelobatidae Kuhn p. 54 |
| 1959 | Pelobatidae McGrew et al. p. 131 |
| 1964 | Pelobatidae Estes p. 57 |
| 1970 | Pelobatidae Estes and Berberian p. 4 |
| 1988 | Pelobatidae Carroll |
| 1993 | Pelobatidae Evans and Milner p. 26 |
| 1996 | Pelobatidae Frank and Ramus |
| 1998 | Pelobatidae Sanchiz |
| 2001 | Pelobatidae Gao and Wang p. 470 |
| 2004 | Pelobatidae Hoegg et al. p. 1193 |
| 2006 | Pelobatidae Gissi et al. p. 231 |
| 2006 | Pelobatidae Henrici and Haynes p. 24 |
| 2008 | Pelobatidae Böhme p. 167 |
| 2008 | Pelobatidae Venczel and Stiuca p. 745 |
| 2009 | Pelobatidae Henrici p. 275 |
| 2010 | Pelobatidae Böhme p. 14 |
| 2016 | Pelobatidae Chen et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Pelobatidae Lataste 1879 [spadefoot toad]
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G. †Enigmatosaurus Nopcsa 1926
G. †Eopelobates Parker 1929
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†Eopelobates anthracinus Parker 1929
†Eopelobates bayeri Spinar 1952
†Eopelobates grandis Zweifel 1956
†Eopelobates hiuschei Kuhn 1941
†Eopelobates wagneri Weitzel 1938
G. Leptobrachium Tschudi 1838 [Eastern spadefoot toad]
G. †Miopelobates Wettstein-Westersheimb 1955
G. Pelobates Wagler 1830 [spadefoot toad]
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Pelobates cultripes Tschudi 1838
†Pelobates fahlbuschi Böhme 2010
Pelobates fuscus Laurenti 1768 [Common Eurasian spadefoot toad]
Pelobates syriacus Boettger 1889 [Syrian spadefoot toad]
Pelobates varaldii Pasteur and Bons 1959 [Moroccan spadefoot toad]
G. Scaphiopus Holbrook 1836 [spadefoot toad]
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Subg. Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) Holbrook 1836
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Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) couchi Baird 1854 [Couch's spadefoot toad]
Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) holbrooki Harlan 1835 [Eastern spadefoot toad]
Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) hurteri Strecker 1910 [Hurter's spadefoot toad]
†Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) wardorum Estes and Tihen 1964
Scaphiopus couchii Baird 1854 [Couch's spadefoot toad]
G. Spea Cope 1866
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†Scaphiopus (Spea) alexanderi Zweifel 1956
Spea bombifrons Cope 1863 [Plains spadefoot]
Spea hammondii Baird 1859 [Western spadefoot toad]
Spea intermontana Cope 1883 [Great Basin spadefoot toad]
Spea multiplicata Cope 1863 [New Mexico spadefoot toad]
†Spea neuter Kluge 1966
†Spea studeri Taylor 1938
Invalid names: Neoscaphiopus Taylor 1942 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pelobatinae Bonaparte 1850 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Uhen 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Kimmeridgian to the top of the Holocene or 157.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 145.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 145.0 Ma
Collections (204 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Wyoming) | Pelobatidae indet. (12816) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Uzbekistan (Navoi) | Pelobatidae indet. (58208 64685) | |
| Early/Lower Santonian | Tajikistan (Sogd) | Eopelobates sp. (58701) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (New Mexico) | Eopelobates sp. (14498 36543) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (New Jersey) | Eopelobates sp. (14455) | |
| Maastrichtian | India (Andhra Pradesh) | Pelobatidae indet. (222693) | |
| Maastrichtian | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Pelobatidae indet. (226125) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Romania (Hunedoara) | Pelobatidae indet. (67817) | |
| Lancian | USA (Wyoming) | Anura indet. (14514) Pelobatidae indet. (14519 14538 14566) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Eopelobates sp. (13142) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | India (Maharashtra) | Pelobatidae indet. (58102) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Pelobatidae indet. (14585) | |
| Ypresian | France (Oise) | Pelobatidae indet. (68174) | |
| Ypresian | India (Gujarat) | Eopelobates sp. (55494 180565) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | Portugal (Região Centro) | Pelobatidae indet. (79200) | |
| MP 10 | France (Picardie) | Pelobatidae indet. (68440) | |
| Lutetian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Eopelobates hinschei (13322) | |
| Early/Lower Uintan | USA (California) | Eopelobates sp. (16694 16697 16702 16706) | |
| Early/Lower Uintan | USA (Nevada) | Elkobatrachus brocki (135745) | |
| Bartonian | France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie) | Pelobatidae indet. (177581) | |