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Troodon
Taxonomy
Troodon was named by Leidy (1856). It is the type genus of Troodontinae. It was considered monophyletic by Currie (2000).
It was synonymized subjectively with Saurornithoides by Carpenter (1982); it was considered a nomen vanum by Sues (1977).
It was assigned to Sauria by Leidy (1860); to Goniopoda by Cope (1870); to Goniopoda by Cope (1877); to Lacertilia by Leidy (1856) and Lambe (1902); to Megalosauridae by Zittel (1890), Nopcsa (1901) and Hay (1902); to Lacertilia by Lambe (1905); to Ankylosauridae by Brown (1908) and Huene (1909); to Nodosauridae by Hennig (1915); to Scelidosaurinae by Huene (1927); to Acanthopholidae by Nopcsa (1928) and Nopcsa (1928); to Acanthopholinae by Nopcsa (1929) and Nopcsa (1931); to Theropoda by Russell (1946); to Coeluridae by Romer (1956), Parsch (1963), Romer (1966) and Steel (1970); to Deinodontidae by Wolberg (1980); to Saurornithoididae by Carroll (1988); to Troodontidae by Lull (1924), Gilmore (1924), Hay (1930), Russell (1930), Gilmore (1931), Sternberg (1933), Brown and Schlaikjer (1943), Sternberg (1945), Russell (1948), Sternberg (1951), Bohlin (1953), Kuhn (1966), Langston (1975), Langston (1976), Gauthier (1986), Currie (1987), Currie (1987), Paul (1988), Barsbold (1988), Currie et al. (1990), Currie (1992), Russell and Dong (1994), Currie and Zhao (1994), Currie and Peng (1994), Chure (1994), Nessov (1995), Varricchio (1997), Eberth (1997), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Currie (2000), Norell et al. (2000), Eberth et al. (2001), Currie and Dong (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Sankey et al. (2002), Rauhut (2003), Makovicky et al. (2003), Senter et al. (2004), Makovicky and Norell (2004), Smith (2007), Longrich (2008), Bever and Norell (2009), Norell et al. (2009), Fiorillo et al. (2009), Godefroit et al. (2009), Lü et al. (2010), Zanno et al. (2011), Porfiri et al. (2011), Brown and Druckenmiller (2011), Xu et al. (2012), Larson and Currie (2013), Godefroit et al. (2013), Hendrickx and Mateus (2014), Tsuihiji et al. (2014), Williamson and Brusatte (2014) and Gianechini et al. (2017); and to Troodontinae by van der Reest and Currie (2017) and Sellés et al. (2021).
It was synonymized subjectively with Saurornithoides by Carpenter (1982); it was considered a nomen vanum by Sues (1977).
It was assigned to Sauria by Leidy (1860); to Goniopoda by Cope (1870); to Goniopoda by Cope (1877); to Lacertilia by Leidy (1856) and Lambe (1902); to Megalosauridae by Zittel (1890), Nopcsa (1901) and Hay (1902); to Lacertilia by Lambe (1905); to Ankylosauridae by Brown (1908) and Huene (1909); to Nodosauridae by Hennig (1915); to Scelidosaurinae by Huene (1927); to Acanthopholidae by Nopcsa (1928) and Nopcsa (1928); to Acanthopholinae by Nopcsa (1929) and Nopcsa (1931); to Theropoda by Russell (1946); to Coeluridae by Romer (1956), Parsch (1963), Romer (1966) and Steel (1970); to Deinodontidae by Wolberg (1980); to Saurornithoididae by Carroll (1988); to Troodontidae by Lull (1924), Gilmore (1924), Hay (1930), Russell (1930), Gilmore (1931), Sternberg (1933), Brown and Schlaikjer (1943), Sternberg (1945), Russell (1948), Sternberg (1951), Bohlin (1953), Kuhn (1966), Langston (1975), Langston (1976), Gauthier (1986), Currie (1987), Currie (1987), Paul (1988), Barsbold (1988), Currie et al. (1990), Currie (1992), Russell and Dong (1994), Currie and Zhao (1994), Currie and Peng (1994), Chure (1994), Nessov (1995), Varricchio (1997), Eberth (1997), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Currie (2000), Norell et al. (2000), Eberth et al. (2001), Currie and Dong (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Sankey et al. (2002), Rauhut (2003), Makovicky et al. (2003), Senter et al. (2004), Makovicky and Norell (2004), Smith (2007), Longrich (2008), Bever and Norell (2009), Norell et al. (2009), Fiorillo et al. (2009), Godefroit et al. (2009), Lü et al. (2010), Zanno et al. (2011), Porfiri et al. (2011), Brown and Druckenmiller (2011), Xu et al. (2012), Larson and Currie (2013), Godefroit et al. (2013), Hendrickx and Mateus (2014), Tsuihiji et al. (2014), Williamson and Brusatte (2014) and Gianechini et al. (2017); and to Troodontinae by van der Reest and Currie (2017) and Sellés et al. (2021).
Species
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1856 | Troodon Leidy p. 72 |
1860 | Troodon Leidy p. 147 |
1870 | Troodon Cope p. 120 |
1877 | Troodon Cope p. 572 |
1890 | Troodon Zittel p. 727 |
1901 | Troodon Nopcsa p. 201 |
1902 | Troodon Hay p. 490 |
1902 | Troodon Lambe p. 47 |
1905 | Troodon Lambe p. 49 |
1908 | Troodon Brown |
1909 | Troodon Huene p. 17 |
1915 | Troodon Hennig p. 14 |
1924 | Troodon Gilmore pp. 7-8 |
1924 | Troodon Lull p. 238 |
1927 | Troodon Huene p. 261 |
1928 | Troodon Nopcsa p. 73 |
1929 | Troodon Nopcsa p. 70 |
1930 | Troodon Hay p. 207 |
1930 | Troodon Russell p. 142 |
1931 | Troodon Gilmore p. 1 |
1931 | Troodon Nopcsa p. 72 |
1932 | Polyodontosaurus Gilmore p. 117 figs. Pl. 1 |
1933 | Troodon Sternberg p. 233 |
1943 | Troodon Brown and Schlaikjer p. 126 |
1945 | Troodon Sternberg p. 535 |
1946 | Troodon Russell p. 171 |
1948 | Troodon Russell p. 629 |
1951 | Polyodontosaurus Sternberg p. 257 |
1951 | Troodon Sternberg p. 257 |
1953 | Troodon Bohlin p. 32 |
1954 | Polyodontosaurus McDowell and Bogert p. 53 |
1956 | Troodon Romer p. 612 |
1956 | Polyodontosaurus Romer p. 618 |
1963 | Troodon Parsch p. 6 |
1964 | Polyodontosaurus Tatarinov p. 540 |
1966 | Troodon Kuhn p. 96 |
1966 | Troodon Romer p. 369 |
1970 | Troodon Steel p. 17 |
1970 | Polyodontosaurus Steel p. 44 |
1975 | Troodon Langston p. 1605 |
1976 | Troodon Langston p. 126 |
1980 | Troodon Wolberg p. 50 |
1986 | Troodon Gauthier p. 11 |
1987 | Troodon Currie |
1988 | Troodon Barsbold p. 21 |
1988 | Troodon Carroll |
1988 | Troodon Paul p. 395 |
1990 | Troodon Currie et al. p. 113 |
1992 | Troodon Currie p. 238 |
1994 | Troodon Chure p. 14 |
1994 | Troodon Currie and Peng p. 2225 |
1994 | Troodon Currie and Zhao p. 2233 |
1994 | Troodon Russell and Dong p. 2169 |
1995 | Troodon Nessov p. 43 |
1997 | Troodon Eberth p. 201 |
1997 | Troodon Sereno p. 458 |
1997 | Troodon Varricchio p. 749 |
1998 | Troodon Sereno p. 65 |
2000 | Troodon Currie p. 443 |
2000 | Troodon Norell et al. p. 10 fig. 3 |
2001 | Troodon Currie and Dong p. 1764 |
2001 | Troodon Eberth et al. p. 56 |
2001 | Troodon Peng et al. p. 37 |
2002 | Troodon Sankey et al. p. 755 |
2003 | Troodon Makovicky et al. p. 25 fig. 21 |
2003 | Troodon Rauhut p. 42 |
2004 | Troodon Makovicky and Norell p. 185 |
2004 | Troodon Senter et al. p. 2 fig. 2 |
2007 | Troodon Smith p. 104 |
2008 | Troodon Longrich p. 994 |
2009 | Troodon Bever and Norell p. 7 fig. 6 |
2009 | Troodon Fiorillo et al. p. 181 |
2009 | Troodon Godefroit et al. |
2009 | Troodon Norell et al. p. 2 |
2010 | Troodon Lü et al. p. 381 |
2011 | Troodon Brown and Druckenmiller p. 1343 |
2011 | Troodon Porfiri et al. p. 112 |
2011 | Troodon Zanno et al. p. 15 fig. 15 |
2012 | Troodon Xu et al. p. 141 |
2013 | Troodon Godefroit et al. |
2013 | Troodon Larson and Currie p. 9 |
2014 | Troodon Hendrickx and Mateus |
2014 | Troodon Tsuihiji et al. p. 139 |
2014 | Troodon Williamson and Brusatte p. 13 |
2017 | Troodon Gianechini et al. p. 8 |
2017 | Troodon van der Reest and Currie |
2021 | Troodon Sellés et al. p. 6 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Troodon Leidy 1856
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†Troodon formosus Leidy 1856
Invalid names: Polyodontosaurus Gilmore 1932 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order | |||||
References: Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875, Holtz et al. 2000 |
Collections (100 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Montana) | T. sp. (53055 53056) | |
Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | T. formosus (58808) | |
Campanian | USA (Montana) | Hypsilophodontidae indet. (13281) T. formosus (22689 59373) | |
Judithian | USA (Montana) | T. formosus, Theropoda indet. (14453) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Stenonychosaurus inequalis (184041) T. formosus (22659 22695 22697 22698 34307 34309 45264 45671 45892 45893 45897 45898 47784 47807 47811 47812 64325 64326 76030) T. sp. (22699 45238 45261 45262 67874 67876 67881 67893 67894 89604 89605) T. sp., T. formosus (53050) Troodontidae indet. (52991) | |
Middle Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Saurornithoididae indet. (61470) T. formosus (45240 47795 47809) T. sp. (47794 67880 67892) | |
Middle Campanian | USA (Montana) | T. formosus (14437) T. sp. (25658) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | T. formosus (45821) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | T. sp. (14494) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Montana) | T. formosus (14446 14457 14490 50907 59217 64643 69213) T. sp. (14434 14462 60518 223339) | |
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | T. sp. (34744 52072 144539 152270 152271 152272) | |
Maastrichtian | China (Heilongjiang) | T. sp. (37811) | |
Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | T. formosus (64324) T. sp. (55363 96455 135739) Troodontidae indet. (76062) | |
Early/Lower Maastrichtian | USA (Alaska) | T. formosus (51889 51892 51893 88975) T. sp. (51890) | |
Lancian | USA (Montana) | T. sp. (14516 14521 14568 14582 14650) | |
Lancian | USA (Wyoming) | T. formosus (14542 14543 75298 75435 75442) T. sp. (14566) | |
Lancian | USA (South Dakota) | T. sp. (14537 192251) | |
Lancian | USA (North Dakota) | T. sp. (14610) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | T. sp. (45099) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | T. formosus (26760) T. sp. (14585) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Russian Federation (Chukot) | T. sp. (59386) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Russian Federation (Amur) | T. sp. (38134 47029) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (South Dakota) | T. sp. (224484) |