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Edmontosaurus

Reptilia - Hadrosauridae

Taxonomy
Edmontosaurus was named by Lambe (1917).

It was assigned to Trachodontinae by Nopcsa (1928); to Trachodontidae by Huene (1927) and Parks (1935); to Edmontosaurinae by Horner (1992); to Hadrosauridae by Lambe (1917), Russell (1930), Romer (1956), Parsch (1963), Kuhn (1964), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Swinton (1970), Thulborn (1974), Langston (1975), Langston (1976), Norman (1984), Russell (1984), Breithaupt (1985), Carroll (1988), Weishampel et al. (1991), Eberth (1997), Currie (2000) and Norman (2004); to Hadrosaurinae by Campione and Evans (2011); to Edmontosaurini by Godefroit et al. (2012), Xing et al. (2014) and Cruzado-Caballero and Powell (2017); to Hadrosaurinae by Lambe (1918), Lambe (1920), Gilmore (1924), Hay (1930), Gilmore (1933), Nagao (1936), Wilfarth (1940), Lull and Wright (1942), Sternberg (1953), Sternberg (1954), Young (1958), Langston (1960), Tatarinov (1964), Casamiquela (1964), Kuhn (1966), Russell and Chamney (1967), Rozhdestvensky (1968), Hopson (1975), Brett-Surman (1979), McIntosh (1981), Weishampel and Weishampel (1983), Maryanska and Osmólska (1984), Weishampel and Horner (1990), Chapman and Brett-Surman (1990), Hunt and Lucas (1992), Forster and Sereno (1994), Forster (1997), Dodson (1997), Godefroit et al. (1998), You et al. (2003), Horner et al. (2004), Godefroit et al. (2004), Kirkland et al. (2006), Prieto-Márquez et al. (2006), Gates et al. (2007), Godefroit et al. (2008), Pereda-Suberbiola et al. (2009), Evans et al. (2009), Cruzado-Caballero et al. (2010), Campione (2014), Tan et al. (2015) and Takasaki et al. (2019); to Saurolophinae by Prieto-Márquez (2010), Prieto-Márquez (2010), Prieto-Marquez and Salinas (2010), Prieto-Márquez and Wagner (2010), Ramírez-Velasco et al. (2012), Prieto-Marquez (2013), Prieto-Márquez (2014), Bell (2014), Lehman et al. (2016) and Dalla Vecchia (2020); and to Euhadrosauria by Verdú et al. (2021).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1917Edmontosaurus Lambe p. 65–73
1918Edmontosaurus Lambe p. 138
1920Edmontosaurus Lambe pp. 66-68
1924Edmontosaurus Gilmore p. 34
1927Edmontosaurus Huene p. 260
1928Edmontosaurus Nopcsa p. 184
1930Edmontosaurus Hay p. 213
1930Edmontosaurus Russell p. 151
1933Edmontosaurus Gilmore p. 62
1935Edmontosaurus Parks p. 193
1936Edmontosaurus Nagao p. 213
1940Edmontosaurus Wilfarth p. 6
1942Anatosaurus Lull and Wright p. 133
1942Edmontosaurus Lull and Wright p. 133
1942Anatosaurus Lull and Wright pp. 154-155 fig. 53
1948Anatosaurus Gregory p. 30
1953Anatosaurus Sternberg p. 11
1953Edmontosaurus Sternberg p. 11
1954Anatosaurus Sternberg p. 383
1954Edmontosaurus Sternberg p. 383
1956Anatosaurus Romer p. 630
1956Edmontosaurus Romer p. 630
1958Anatosaurus Young p. 106
1958Edmontosaurus Young p. 106
1960Edmontosaurus Langston p. 349
1960Anatosaurus Langston p. 350
1963Anatosaurus Parsch p. 8
1963Edmontosaurus Parsch p. 8
1964Anatosaurus Casamiquela
1964Edmontosaurus Casamiquela
1964Anatosaurus Estes p. 144
1964Anatosaurus Kuhn p. 14
1964Edmontosaurus Kuhn p. 19
1964Anatosaurus Tatarinov p. 564
1964Edmontosaurus Tatarinov p. 564
1965Anatosaurus Ostrom p. 39
1966Anatosaurus Kuhn p. 103
1966Edmontosaurus Kuhn p. 103
1966Anatosaurus Romer p. 370
1966Edmontosaurus Romer p. 370
1967Anatosaurus Charig p. 716
1967Edmontosaurus Charig p. 716
1967Edmontosaurus Russell and Chamney p. 11
1968Anatosaurus Rozhdestvensky
1968Edmontosaurus Rozhdestvensky
1970Anatosaurus Swinton p. 216
1970Edmontosaurus Swinton p. 216
1974Anatosaurus Thulborn p. 173
1974Edmontosaurus Thulborn p. 173
1975Anatosaurus Hopson p. 25
1975Edmontosaurus Hopson p. 25 fig. 3
1975Edmontosaurus Langston p. 1605
1976Edmontosaurus Langston p. 126
1979Anatosaurus Brett-Surman p. 561 fig. 1
1979Edmontosaurus Brett-Surman p. 561 fig. 1
1981Edmontosaurus McIntosh p. 31
1983Anatosaurus Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44
1983Edmontosaurus Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44
1984Edmontosaurus Maryanska and Osmólska pp. 130-131
1984Anatosaurus Maryanska and Osmólska p. 131
1984Edmontosaurus Norman p. 343 fig. 7
1984Edmontosaurus Russell p. 26
1984Anatosaurus Russell p. 27
1985Edmontosaurus Breithaupt p. 166
1986Anatosaurus Clemens p. 80
1988Anatosaurus Carroll
1988Edmontosaurus Carroll
1990Anatotitan Brett-Surman p. 177 fig. 12.1
1990Edmontosaurus Chapman and Brett-Surman p. 177
1990Edmontosaurus Weishampel and Horner p. 557
1991Edmontosaurus Weishampel et al. p. 204
1992Anatotitan Horner p. 119
1992Edmontosaurus Horner p. 119
1992Anatotitan Hunt and Lucas p. 228
1992Edmontosaurus Hunt and Lucas p. 228
1994Anatotitan Forster and Sereno p. 25A
1994Edmontosaurus Forster and Sereno p. 25A
1997Anatotitan Dodson p. 12
1997Edmontosaurus Dodson p. 12
1997Edmontosaurus Eberth p. 201
1997Edmontosaurus Forster p. 294
1998Anatotitan Godefroit et al. p. 51
1998Edmontosaurus Godefroit et al. p. 51
2000Edmontosaurus Currie p. 277
2003Edmontosaurus You et al. p. 152 fig. 3
2004Anatotitan Godefroit et al. p. 148 fig. 6
2004Edmontosaurus Godefroit et al. p. 148 fig. 6
2004Edmontosaurus Horner et al. p. 439
2004Edmontosaurus Norman p. 433 figs. 19.21-19.22
2006Anatotitan Kirkland et al. p. 311 fig. 13
2006Edmontosaurus Kirkland et al. p. 311 fig. 13
2006Edmontosaurus Prieto-Márquez et al. p. 938
2007Edmontosaurus Gates et al. p. 928 fig. 11
2008Anatotitan Godefroit et al. p. 67 fig. 18
2008Edmontosaurus Godefroit et al. p. 67 fig. 18
2009Edmontosaurus Evans et al. p. 1316
2009Anatotitan Pereda-Suberbiola et al. p. 568 fig. 6
2009Edmontosaurus Pereda-Suberbiola et al. p. 568 fig. 6
2010Edmontosaurus Cruzado-Caballero et al. p. 1510 fig. 4
2010Edmontosaurus Prieto-Marquez and Salinas p. 835 fig. 20
2010Edmontosaurus Prieto-Márquez p. 5 fig. 2
2010Edmontosaurus Prieto-Márquez and Wagner p. 1243 fig. 3
2011Edmontosaurus Campione and Evans p. 7
2012Edmontosaurus Godefroit et al. p. 19
2012Edmontosaurus Ramírez-Velasco et al. p. 392
2013Edmontosaurus Prieto-Marquez
2014Edmontosaurus Bell p. 575
2014Edmontosaurus Campione p. 210
2014Edmontosaurus Prieto-Márquez p. 284
2014Edmontosaurus Xing et al. p. 1811–1812
2015Edmontosaurus Tan et al. p. 254
2016Edmontosaurus Lehman et al. p. 346
2017Edmontosaurus Cruzado-Caballero and Powell p. 12 fig. 13
2019Edmontosaurus Takasaki et al. p. 2
2020Edmontosaurus Dalla Vecchia p. 611
2021Edmontosaurus Verdú et al. p. 10 fig. 9

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Ornithischia()
—Genasauria
—Cerapoda
—Ornithopoda()
—Clypeodonta
—Iguanodontia()
—Dryomorpha
—Styracosterna
—Hadrosauriformes
—Hadrosauroidea()
familyHadrosauridae
subfamilyHadrosaurinaeLambe 1918
tribeEdmontosauriniGlut 1997
genusEdmontosaurus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Edmontosaurus Lambe 1917
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Invalid names: Anatosaurus copei Lull and Wright 1942 [synonym], Edmontosaurus edmontoni Gilmore 1924 [synonym], Edmontosaurus saskatchewanensis Sternberg 1926 [synonym], Trachodon longiceps Marsh 1890 [synonym]
†Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe 1917
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Invalid names: Agathaumas milo Cope 1874 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anatosaurus Lull and Wright 1942 [synonym], Anatotitan Brett-Surman 1990 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
A. Prieto-Márquez 2014At the generic level, Edmontosaurus is characterized by a large and deeply excavated (caudally invaginated) circumnarial depression, a caudally reflected oral margin of the premaxilla, and a pocket-like fossa along the orbital margin of the postorbital, among other characters
H. Xing et al. 2014Large-sized hadrosaurine hadrosaurid characterized by the following autapomorphies: strongly laterally expanded postorbital with an anteroposteriorly broad, laterally bulgy jugal process and a large, deep anteromedial fossa between the orbital margin of the bone and the anteromedially directed, sheet-like ridge that extends longitudinally along the posteromedial side of the jugal process; deep fossa along the right-angled lateral half of the posteroventral side of the prefrontal; two conspicuous premaxillary foramina in the prenarial region of the circumnarial fossa; and truncated dorsolateral process of the laterosphenoid, whose length is approximately half the width of the paired sphenooccipital tubercles. Also diagnosed by the following unique combination of features: posterodorsally reflected, lip-shaped oral margin of the premaxilla with a deep, oval concavity at the anteromedial corner of the bone; well-demarcated posterodorsal margin of the strongly invaginated circumnarial fossa formed by a thick, arched ridge along the entire posterior half of the lateroventral border of the nasal; deeply concave dorsal surface of the paired frontals; nearly straight or slightly convex ventrally sagittal crest of the parietal; seven teeth for each alveolus in the middle dentary tooth row; humeral deltopectoral crest moderately expanded anterolaterally; and circular distal blade of the pubis that is much more expanded ventrally than dorsally. This taxon differs from both Shantungosaurus and Kerberosaurus in lacking a prominent lateroventral boss in the proximal region of the ischial peduncle of the pubis; also differs from Shantungosaurus in having the maxilla with 50–58 alveoli, the dentary with 48–55 alveoli, and a slightly dorsoventrally shorter central shelf of the paired exoccipitals that is 1.8–2.2 times as tall as the foramen magnum; also differs from Kerberosaurus in bearing a more gently posterodorsally inclined laterodorsal margin of the maxillary anteroventral process with an average deflection angle of 23°, an anteroposteriorly narrow dorsal margin of the infratemporal fenestra, a strong posteroventral deflection of the occipital condyle, a shallowly concave laterally proximal end of the scapula with a lateroventrally projecting proximoventral buttress, an ulna with its lateral and medial processes at the same level, and a moderately bent anteroventrally iliac preacetabular process.
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
humerus circumference1255.0----
radius circumference2144.9120.0175.0147.538.9
ulna circumference2179.7170.0190.0180.014.1

Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Maximum body mass: 3000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 1000 kgg
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: gregariouso
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: herbivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2005-08-25 05:54:20
Modified: 2005-08-25 07:54:20
Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order
References: Peczkis 1995, Benton 1983, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Campanian to the top of the Lancian or 83.50000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (82 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Coniacian - Maastrichtian89.3 - 66.0USA (Alaska) Hadrosauridae indet. (52905)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Canada (Alberta) E. sp. (64339) Thespesius edmontoni (46320)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) E. regalis (138447) E. sp. (152403)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (New Jersey) E. sp. (14455)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) E. sp. (52077) Hadrosauridae indet. (34744) Trachodontidae indet. (189568)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Trachodon marginatus (45676)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Montana) Anatosaurus annectens (48836 55385) Anatosaurus sp. (49016 57914) Claosaurus sp. (57765 142376) E. sp. (50088) Thespesius sp. (83299) Trachodon sp. (74009)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (South Dakota) Hadrosauridae indet. (74175)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) E. sp. (84455)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) E. regalis (51316 69621 220119) E. sp. (14502 76062 94370) Trachodontidae indet. (49234)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Alaska) E. sp. (51889)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Anatosaurus sp. (14505 14527 14579 14609) E. sp. (14557)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (South Dakota) Anatosaurus sp. (192251)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) E. annectens (14621)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Anatosaurus sp. (14546 14549) Hadrosauridae indet. (14616)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (South Dakota) Ceratopsia indet. (142375) Diclonius mirabilis (24790) E. annectens (224483 224484) E. sp. (47034 157189)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Anatosaurus annectens (45878 54176 150933) Anatosaurus sp. (14585 52695 57162 57163 57166 57168 57169 57170 150976) Claosaurus annectens (46209 49238) E. annectens (26760) Hadrosauridae indet. (128559) Trachodon annectens (54178) Trachodon longiceps (46120) Trachodon sp. (57764) Trachodontidae indet. (46128)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Anatosaurus copei (14674) Anatosaurus sp. (11931 13142 67129 131865) E. annectens (202036 224286 225035) E. sp. (72143 91359 142326 183109)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Saskatchewan) E. annectens (229474) Thespesius sp. (45675)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) E. sp. (57919)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Colorado) Agathaumas milo (49524) Hadrosauridae indet. (46210)