PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Tapinocephalia

Taxonomy

Tapinocephalia is an infraorder.

It was corrected as Tapinocephalida by Ivakhnenko (2003) and Ivakhnenko (2008); it was misspelled as Tapinocephalida by Ivakhnenko (2008) and Boos et al. (2015).

It was assigned to Dinocephalia by Haughton and Brink (1954), Carroll (1988), Ivakhnenko (2003), Ivakhnenko (2008) and Ivakhnenko (2008); and to Dinocephalia by Boos et al. (2015).

Subtaxa

Brithopus, Brithopus priscus, Deuterosaurus (syn. Mnemejosaurus, Uraniscosaurus), Niaftasuchoidea, Orthopus, Orthopus primaevus, Tapinocephalidae, Tapinocephaloidea

Synonyms

Brithopus priscus was named by Kutorga (1838). Its type specimen is PIN 296/14, a limb element, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Klyuchevskiy Rudnik-1, PIN 296, 1954, which is in an Urzhumian terrestrial horizon in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Kammerer (2011).
Orthopus was named by Kutorga (1838). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Kammerer (2011).
Orthopus primaevus was named by Kutorga (1838). Its type specimen is PIN 1954/53, a limb element (Proximal end of left humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Klyuchevskiy Rudnik-1, PIN 296, 1954, which is in an Urzhumian terrestrial horizon in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Kammerer (2011).
Brithopus was named by Kutorga (1838). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Kammerer (2011).

It was assigned to Clepsydropidae by Perrier (1928); to Brithopodidae by Carroll (1988); to Brithopodinae by King (1988); and to Anteosauridae by Battail and Surkov (2000).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1838	Brithopus Kutorga
1838	Brithopus priscus Kutorga
1838	Orthopus Kutorga
1838	Orthopus primaevus Kutorga
1928	Brithopus Perrier p. 3085
1954	Tapinocephalia Haughton and Brink p. 5
1988	Brithopus Carroll
1988	Tapinocephalia Carroll
1988	Brithopus King
2000	Brithopus Battail and Surkov
2000	Brithopus priscus Battail and Surkov
2003	Tapinocephalida Ivakhnenko
2008	Tapinocephalida Ivakhnenko
2015	Tapinocephalia Boos et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
—	Eutherapsida
suborder	Dinocephalia
infraorder	Tapinocephalia
infraorder	Tapinocephalia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Infraor. †Tapinocephalia

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G. †Deuterosaurus Eichwald 1848

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†Deuterosaurus biarmicus Eichwald 1846

†Deuterosaurus jubilaei Nopcsa 1928

Invalid names: Uraniscosaurus watsoni Nopcsa 1928 [objective synonym]

Invalid names: Mnemejosaurus Nopcsa 1928 [synonym], Ulemosaurus minutus Vjuschkov 1955 [nomen dubium]

Superfm. †Niaftasuchoidea Ivakhnenko 1990

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Fm. †Niaftasuchidae Ivakhnenko 1990

G. †Niaftasuchus Ivakhnenko 1990

†Niaftasuchus zekkeli Ivakhnenko 1990

Fm. †Tapinocephalidae Owen 1876

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G. †Keratocephalus Huene 1931

†Keratocephalus moloch von Huene 1931

Invalid names: Pelosuchus priscus Broom [synonym]

Invalid names: Pelosuchus Broom 1905 [synonym]

Subfm. †Moschopinae Boonstra 1969

G. †Avenantia Boonstra 1952

†Avenantia kruisvleiensis Boonstra 1952

G. †Criocephalosaurus Kammerer and Sidor 2002

†Criocephalosaurus vanderbyli Broom 1928

Invalid names: Criocephalus Broom 1928 [replaced]

G. †Delphinognathus Seeley 1892

†Delphinognathus conocephalus Seeley 1892

G. †Moschops Broom 1911

†Moschops capensis Broom 1911

Invalid names: Moschognathus whaitsi Broom 1914 [synonym]

†Moschops koupensis Boonstra 1957

Invalid names: Pnigalion oweni Watson 1914 [synonym]

†Moschops romeri Bryne 1937

Invalid names: Agnosaurus Boonstra 1952 [synonym], Agnosaurus pienaari Boonstra 1952 [nomen dubium], Moschognathus Broom 1914 [synonym], Moschoides Bryne 1937 [synonym], Pnigalion Watson 1914 [synonym]

Subfm. †Riebeeckosaurinae Boonstra 1969

G. †Riebeeckosaurus Boonstra 1952

†Riebeeckosaurus longirostris Boonstra 1952

Subfm. †Struthiocephalinae Boonstra 1969

G. †Struthiocephaloides Boonstra 1952

†Struthiocephaloides cavifrons Boonstra 1952

†Struthiocephaloides duplessisi Boonstra 1952

G. †Struthiocephalus Haughton 1915

†Struthiocephalus whaitsi Haughton 1915

Invalid names: Moschosaurus longicesps Haughton 1915 [synonym], Struthiocephalellus parvus Boonstra 1955 [synonym], Struthiocephalus akraalensis Boonstra 1952 [synonym], Struthiocephalus kitchingi Brink 1958 [synonym], Struthiocephalus milleri Olson and Broom 1937 [synonym], Struthiocephalus rheederi Broom 1937 [synonym]

Invalid names: Moschosaurus Haughton 1915 [synonym], Struthiocephalellus Boonstra 1955 [synonym]

G. †Struthionops Boonstra 1952

†Struthionops intermedius Boonstra 1952

G. †Taurocephalus Broom 1928

†Taurocephalus lerouxi Broom 1928

Subfm. †Tapinocephalinae Lydekker 1890

G. †Mormosaurus Watson 1914

†Mormosaurus seeleyi Watson 1914

G. †Phocosaurus Seeley 1888

†Phocosaurus megischion Seeley 1888

G. †Tapinocaninus Rubidge 1991

†Tapinocaninus pamelae Rubidge 1991

G. †Tapinocephalus Owen

†Tapinocephalus atherstonii Owen 1876

Invalid names: Taurops macrodon Broom 1912 [synonym]

Invalid names: Taurops Broom 1912 [synonym]

Invalid names: Riebeeckosaurini Boonstra 1963 [empty], Struthiocephalini Boonstra 1963 [empty], Tapinocephalini Gregory 1962 [empty]

G. †Taurosaurus

Invalid names: Lamiasaurus Watson 1914 [nomen dubium], Lamiasaurus newtoni Watson 1914 [nomen dubium]

Superfm. †Tapinocephaloidea Owen 1876

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Fm. †Ulemosauridae Ivakhnenko 1994

G. †Ulemosaurus Riabinin 1938

†Ulemosaurus gigas Efremov 1954

†Ulemosaurus svijagensis Riabinin 1938

Invalid names: Brithopus Kutorga 1838 [nomen dubium], Brithopus priscus Kutorga 1838 [nomen dubium], Orthopus Kutorga 1838 [nomen dubium], Orthopus primaevus Kutorga 1838 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Created:

2017-04-17 15:15:35

Modified:

2017-04-17 15:15:35

Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Wordian to the top of the Capitanian or 266.90000 to 259.51000 Ma

Collections (46 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Guadalupian	273.01 - 259.51	Zambia (Southern)	Tapinocephalidae indet. (171619)
Guadalupian	273.01 - 259.51	South Africa (Western Cape)	Mormosaurus seeleyi (177007)
Late/Upper Kazanian - Urzhumian	272.5 - 264.28	Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk)	Niaftasuchus sp. (187645) Niaftasuchus zekkeli (187647 187648)
Urzhumian	266.9 - 264.28	Russian Federation (Orenburg)	Mnemejosaurus jubilaei (87039)
Urzhumian	266.9 - 264.28	Russian Federation (Bashkortostan)	Brithopus priscus, Orthopus primaevus (187931)
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	South Africa (Western Cape)	Tapinocaninus pamelae (94649)
Urzhumian - Early/Lower Severodvinian	266.9 - 259.51	Russian Federation (Orenburg)	Deuterosaurus jubilaei (187749) Deuterosaurus sp. (187750) Deuterosaurus sp., Ulemosaurus gigas (124278) Ulemosaurus gigas (80875 187751) Ulemosaurus minutus (36273)
Urzhumian - Early/Lower Severodvinian	266.9 - 259.51	Russian Federation (Tatarstan)	Ulemosaurus svijagensis (27931)
Urzhumian - Early/Lower Severodvinian	266.9 - 259.51	Russian Federation (Bashkortostan)	Deuterosaurus gigas, Deuterosaurus biarmicus (85962)
Wordian - Capitanian	266.9 - 259.51	Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)	Tapinocephalidae indet., Dinocephalia indet. (78657)
Wordian - Capitanian	266.9 - 259.51	Tanzania (Ruvuma)	Tapinocephalidae indet. (135686)
Wordian - Wuchiapingian	266.9 - 254.17	Brazil (Paraná)	Tapinocephalidae indet. (185753)
Capitanian	264.28 - 259.51	South Africa (Western Cape)	Criocephalosaurus sp. (171638 171639) Delphinognathus conocephalus, Moschognathus whaitsi (179623) Keratocephalus moloch (176244) Mormosaurus sp. (198710) Moschops capensis, Agnosaurus pienaari, Struthiocephaloides cavifrons (176250) Moschops romeri (13004) Moschops sp., Avenantia kruisvleiensis (198675) Moschops sp., Keratocephalus sp., Struthiocephaloides sp., Struthiocephalus whaitsi, Keratocephalus moloch (176355) Pelosuchus priscus (198664) Phocosaurus megischion (93086) Phocosaurus sp. (92646 176356) Pnigalion oweni (176349) Riebeeckosaurus longirostris (198717) Struthiocephalus intermedius, Criocephalus vanderbyli, Struthiocephalus whaitsi, Taurocephalus lerouxi, Keratocephalus moloch, Struthiocephalellus parvus (86388) Struthiocephalus kitchingi (92648) Struthiocephalus milleri (198720) Struthiocephalus rheederi (198702) Struthiocephalus whaitsi (93096 176314 198723) Struthiocephalus whaitsi, Moschosaurus longicesps (31777) Tapinocephalia indet., Struthiocephalus whaitsi (198718) Tapinocephalus atherstonei (89650) Taurops macrodon (198663)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	Moschops capensis (144271)