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Lystrosauridae
Taxonomy
Lystrosauridae was named by Broom (1903). It is not extant.
It was reranked as the unranked clade Lystrosauridae by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009).
It was assigned to Anomodontia by Broom (1903); to Dicynodontia by Osborn (1904); to Anomodontia by Haughton and Brink (1954); to Dicynodontia by Kemp (1982); to Pristerodontia by Carroll (1988); to Dicynodontia by Li and Sun (2008); to Dicynodontida by Ivakhnenko (2008); and to Dicynodontoidea by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Kammerer et al. (2011).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Lystrosauridae by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009).
It was assigned to Anomodontia by Broom (1903); to Dicynodontia by Osborn (1904); to Anomodontia by Haughton and Brink (1954); to Dicynodontia by Kemp (1982); to Pristerodontia by Carroll (1988); to Dicynodontia by Li and Sun (2008); to Dicynodontida by Ivakhnenko (2008); and to Dicynodontoidea by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Kammerer et al. (2011).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1903 | Lystrosauridae Broom p. 294 |
| 1904 | Lystrosauridae Osborn p. 103 |
| 1954 | Lystrosauridae Haughton and Brink p. 6 |
| 1982 | Lystrosauridae Kemp p. 348 |
| 1988 | Lystrosauridae Carroll |
| 2008 | Lystrosauridae Ivakhnenko |
| 2008 | Lystrosauridae Li and Sun p. 389 |
| 2009 | Lystrosauridae Kammerer and Angielczyk |
| 2011 | Lystrosauridae Kammerer et al. p. 140 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Lystrosauridae Broom 1903
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G. †Lystrosaurus Cope 1870
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†Lystrosaurus broomi Young 1939
†Lystrosaurus curvatus Owen 1876
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Invalid names: Lystrosaurus andersoni Broom [synonym], Lystrosaurus jorisseni Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym], Lystrosaurus oviceps Haughton 1915 [synonym], Lystrosaurus platyceps Seeley 1898 [synonym], Lystrosaurus theileri Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym], Lystrosaurus wageri Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym]
†Lystrosaurus declivis Brink 1951
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Invalid names: Dicynodon (Ptychognathus) latirostris Owen 1860 [synonym], Lystrosaurus primitivus Toerien 1954 [synonym], Lystrosaurus wagneri Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym], Ptychognathus alfredi Owen 1862 [synonym], Ptychognathus declivis Owen 1860 [objective synonym], Ptychognathus depressus Owen 1876 [synonym], Ptychosiagum declivis Lydekker 1890 [objective synonym]
†Lystrosaurus georgi Kalandadze 1975
†Lystrosaurus hedini Young 1935
†Lystrosaurus maccaigi Seeley 1898
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Invalid names: Lystrosaurus amphibius Brink 1951 [synonym], Lystrosaurus putterilli Van Hoepen 1915 [synonym]
†Lystrosaurus murrayi Huxley 1859
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Invalid names: Dicynodon (Ptychognathus) verticalis Owen 1860 [synonym], Dicynodon copei Seeley 1889 [synonym], Dicynodon orientalis Huxley 1865 [synonym], Lystrosaurus bothai Broom 1941 [synonym], Lystrosaurus breyeri Van Hoepen 1915 [synonym], Lystrosaurus frontosus Cope 1870 [synonym], Lystrosaurus jeppei Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym], Lystrosaurus rajurkari Tripathi and Satsangi 1963 [synonym], Lystrosaurus rubidgei Broom 1940 [synonym], Prolystrosaurus natalensis Haughton 1917 [synonym], Ptychognathus boopis Owen 1876 [synonym], Ptychosiagum murrayi Lydekker 1890 [synonym]
†Lystrosaurus shichanggouensis Cheng 1986
†Lystrosaurus youngi Sun 1964
Invalid names: Dicynodon seeleyi Broili 1908 [nomen dubium], Lystrosaurus weidenreichi Young 1939 [nomen dubium], Prolystrosaurus Haughton 1917 [synonym], Prolystrosaurus strigops Broom 1913 [nomen dubium], Ptychosiagum Lydekker 1890 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| R. Broom 1903 | Dentition as in Dicynodontidae. A pair ol poslfrontals present; also a distinct preparietal bone. Interclavicle small. No cleithrum. | |
| C. F. Kammerer and K. D. Angielczyk 2009 | As currently defined, Lystrosauridae includes only the genera Lystrosaurus and Kwazulusaurus. The latter taxon has only been included in one phylogenetic analysis (Maisch, 2002a). Therefore, in addition to listing autapomorphies from the analyses of Angielczyk (2007), Fröbisch (2007), and Fröbisch & Reisz (2008), we also include autapomorphies identified by Maisch (2002a). Maisch (2002a) identified two autapomorphies of Lystrosauridae: (1) ectopterygoid absent; (2) snout region short and deep, strongly extended ventrally. Autapomorphies recognized in common by Angielczyk (2007), Fröbisch (2007), and Fröbisch & Reisz (2008) are: (1) parietals widely exposed on the skull roof; (2) anterior portion of the palatine does not contact the premaxilla. Cluver (1971) provided a detailed diagnosis of Lystrosaurus in his thorough treatment of the cranial morphology of the genus, and Maisch (2002a) presented the only diagnosis of Kwazulusaurus to date. The most distinctive character of lystrosaurids is the steeply downturned snout, although this feature is more strongly developed in Lystrosaurus than Kwazulusaurus. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Benton 1983, Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Capitanian to the top of the Smithian or 264.28000 to 248.10000 Ma
Collections (65 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Capitanian | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Lystrosaurus sp. (85515) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Tanzania (Ruvuma) | Dicynodon bathyrhynchus (181520) | |
| Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Lystrosaurus maccaigi (176312) Lystrosaurus rubidgei (176336) | |
| Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal) | Kwazulusaurus shakai (176319) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Xinjiang) | Lystrosaurus robustus, Lystrosaurus latifrons (178201) | |
| Changhsingian | South Africa (Free State) | Lystrosaurus maccaigi (195279 195280) | |
| Induan | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Dicynodon curvatus, Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus maccaigi, Lystrosaurus declivis (176503) Dicynodon latirostris, Dicynodon verticalis, Lystrosaurus murrayi, Ptychognathus alfredi, Lystrosaurus curvatus, Lystrosaurus declivis (144320) Dicynodon seeleyi (178125) Lystrosaurus declivis (195281) | |
| Induan | China (Xinjiang) | Lystrosaurus hedini (143485) Lystrosaurus hedini, Lystrosaurus murrayi (143474) Lystrosaurus shichanggouensis (196534) Lystrosaurus youngi (112284 143481) | |
| Induan | Russian Federation (Nizhnii Novgorod) | Lystrosaurus georgi (189460) | |
| Induan | South Africa (Free State) | Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus curvatus, Lystrosaurus declivis (195278) Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus oviceps, Lystrosaurus curvatus, Lystrosaurus declivis (80140) Lystrosaurus sp., Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus declivis (144333) | |
| Induan | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Dicynodon murrayi (177589) Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus declivis (105718) | |
| Induan - Smithian | India (West Bengal) | Dicynodon orientalis (117188) Lystrosaurus maccaigi (174085) Lystrosaurus murrayi (136562 136564 136565) Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus maccagi (136560) Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus rajurkari, Lystrosaurus platyceps (136563) Lystrosaurus orientalis (98624 136552 136553 136555 136556 136557 136558 136559) Lystrosaurus sp. (117187) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | South Africa | Lystrosaurus sp. (190132) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal) | Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus oviceps, Lystrosaurus declivis (105603) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | China (Xinjiang) | Lystrosaurus hedini (224361) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | South Africa (East Cape) | Lystrosaurus sp. (188978) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | Antarctica | Lystrosaurus curvatus (87414) Lystrosaurus indet. (87420) Lystrosaurus maccaigi (27265 27266) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | South Africa (Free State) | Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus maccaigi, Lystrosaurus platyceps, Lystrosaurus curvatus, Lystrosaurus declivis (117183) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Lystrosaurus amphibius, Lystrosaurus primitivus (196533) Lystrosaurus bothai (196535) Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus curvatus, Lystrosaurus declivis (105606) Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus declivis (117176 117184) | |
| Induan - Olenekian | South Africa (Free State) | Lystrosaurus murrayi (181689) Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus curvatus, Lystrosaurus declivis (98602) Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus declivis (105607) Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus maccaigi, Lystrosaurus breyeri, Lystrosaurus putterilli, Lystrosaurus jeppei, Lystrosaurus wageri, Lystrosaurus wagneri, Lystrosaurus jorisseni, Lystrosaurus theileri, Lystrosaurus curvatus, Lystrosaurus declivis, Dicynodon strigops (88282) Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus maccaigi, Lystrosaurus declivis (181690) Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus platyceps (144326) | |
| Induan - Olenekian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus curvatus, Lystrosaurus declivis (177605) Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus maccaigi, Lystrosaurus curvatus, Lystrosaurus declivis (105610) Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus oviceps, Lystrosaurus declivis (85948) Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus platyceps, Lystrosaurus curvatus, Lystrosaurus declivis (181691) | |
| Induan - Olenekian | South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal) | Lystrosaurus murrayi, Lystrosaurus curvatus, Lystrosaurus declivis (34815) | |
| Olenekian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Lystrosaurus sp. (92309) |