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Isocrinidae
Taxonomy
Isocrinidae was named by Gislén (1924). It is extant. Its type is Isocrinus.
It was assigned to Articulata by Donovan et al. (2005); to Isocrinida by Ubaghs et al. (1978), Jäger (1985), Stilwell et al. (1994) and Hess and Gale (2010); and to Isocrinina by Rasmussen (1961), Donovan et al. (1993), Hess and Messing (2011), Hunter et al. (2011) and Hess (2012).
It was assigned to Articulata by Donovan et al. (2005); to Isocrinida by Ubaghs et al. (1978), Jäger (1985), Stilwell et al. (1994) and Hess and Gale (2010); and to Isocrinina by Rasmussen (1961), Donovan et al. (1993), Hess and Messing (2011), Hunter et al. (2011) and Hess (2012).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1868 | Pentacrinus exilis Eichwald p. 225 figs. Pl 16, fig 2 |
| 1873 | Pentacrinus stellatus Hutton |
| 1915 | Pentacrinus tehamaensis Clark and Twitchell p. 35 figs. Plater VI, Fig. 1 |
| 1921 | Isocrinus parvus Howchin |
| 1924 | Isocrinidae Gislén |
| 1938 | Pentacrinus tehamaensis Anderson p. 93 |
| 1939 | Tauriniocrinus Rovereto p. 616 |
| 1958 | Pentacrinus fairbanksi Anderson p. 83 figs. Plate 6, figure 4 |
| 1961 | Isocrinidae Rasmussen p. 19 |
| 1978 | Isocrinidae Ubaghs et al. p. T850 |
| 1985 | Isocrinidae Jäger |
| 1993 | Isocrinidae Donovan et al. p. 125 |
| 1994 | Isocrinidae Stilwell et al. p. 138 |
| 2005 | Isocrinidae Donovan et al. p. 96 |
| 2010 | Isocrinidae Hess and Gale p. 431 |
| 2011 | Isocrinidae Hess and Messing p. 49 |
| 2011 | Isocrinidae Hunter et al. p. 116 |
| 2012 | Isocrinidae Hess p. 219 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Isocrinidae Gislén 1924
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G. †Archaeoisocrinus Webster and Jell 1999
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†Archaeoisocrinus occiduaustralis Webster and Jell 1999
Subfm. †Balanocrininae Roux 1981
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G. †Balanocrinus Agassiz 1847
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†Balanocrinus cubensis Sanchez Roig 1926
†Balanocrinus dumortieri de Loriol 1887
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Invalid names: Pentacrinus pentagonalis Goldfuss 1871 [synonym]
†Balanocrinus gillieroni Loriol 1879
†Balanocrinus infrasilvensis Ooster 1865
†Balanocrinus inornatus d'Orbigny 1850
†Balanocrinus moniliferus Munster 1831
†Balanocrinus pacomei de Loriol 1887
†Balanocrinus pentagonalis Goldfuss 1831
†Balanocrinus quiaiosensis Loriol 1891
†Balanocrinus senonensis Valette 1917
†Balanocrinus smithi Hess and Gale 2010
†Balanocrinus subsulcatus Munster 1831
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Invalid names: Pentacrinites subteroides Quenstedt 1858 [synonym], Pentacrinus liasinus d'Orbigny 1850 [synonym]
†Balanocrinus subteres Munster 1831
†Balanocrinus valettei Collignon 1931
Invalid names: Margocrinus [synonym], Terocrinus [synonym]
G. †Laevigatocrinus Klikushin 1979
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†Laevigatocrinus laevigatus Münster 1841
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Invalid names: Pentacrinus venustus Klipstein 1843 [synonym]
G. †Papacrinus Roux and Philippe 2021
G. †Percevalicrinus Klikushin 1977
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†Percevalicrinus beaugrandi de Loriol 1875
Invalid names: Picteticrinus de Loriol 1875 [replaced]
G. †Chariocrinus Hess 1972
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†Chariocrinus andreae Desor 1845
†Chariocrinus bathonicus de Loriol 1887
†Chariocrinus cristagalli Quenstedt 1852
†Chariocrinus japonicus Hunter et al. 2011
†Chariocrinus mosensis de Loriol 1888
†Chariocrinus schlumbergeri de Loriol 1886
†Chariocrinus wuerttembergicus Oppel 1856
Subfm. †Isocrininae Gislen 1924
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G. †Bakonycrinus Stiller 2011
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†Bakonycrinus hercuniae Bather 1911
†Bakonycrinus pecae Jurkovsek and KolarJurkovsek 1997
†Bakonycrinus sceptrum Bather 1911
†Bakonycrinus scipio Bather 1911
G. Chladocrinus Agassiz 1836
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†Chladocrinus empeldensis Jäger 1985
†Chladocrinus krausei Jäger 1985
†Chladocrinus oceani d'Orbigny 1850
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Invalid names: Pentacrinus perlatiformis Rothpletz 1886 [synonym]
†Chladocrinus scalaris Goldfuss 1831
G. †Isocrinus von Meyer 1836
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†Isocrinus amblyscalaris Thurmann 1861
†Isocrinus arduennensis Valette 1926
†Isocrinus arzierensis Loriol 1879
†Isocrinus bleytonensis Jäger 2010
†Isocrinus brotzeni Rasmussen 1961
†Isocrinus californicus Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Isocrinus campanularis Nielsen 1913
†Isocrinus cenomanensis d'Orbigny 1850
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Invalid names: Isocrinus neuvillensis Valette 1917 [synonym]
†Isocrinus dentatogranulatus Wollemann 1907
†Isocrinus diegonensis Collignon 1931
†Isocrinus divergens Nielsen 1913
†Isocrinus doliolum Valette 1917
†Isocrinus dumortieri Oppel 1865
†Isocrinus echinatus Rasmussen 1961
†Isocrinus florifer Eichwald 1868
†Isocrinus gevreyi Loriol 1904
†Isocrinus gocevi Sieverts-Doreck 1951
†Isocrinus granosus Valette 1917
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Invalid names: Balanocrinus epensensis Valette 1917 [synonym], Isocrinus forbesi Biese 1930 [synonym], Isocrinus hureae Valette 1917 [synonym]
†Isocrinus knighti Springer 1909
†Isocrinus lanceolatus Roemer 1840
†Isocrinus lissajouxi Loriol 1836
†Isocrinus longus Nielsen 1913
†Isocrinus mallevalensis Loriol 1904
†Isocrinus minutus Valette 1917
†Isocrinus nehalemensis Moore and Vokes 1953
†Isocrinus neocomiensis Desor 1845
†Isocrinus nicoleti Desor 1845
†Isocrinus nodulosus Roemer 1840
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Invalid names: Isocrinus affinis Valette 1917 [synonym], Isocrinus sanctipaterni Valette 1917 [synonym], Pentacrinus lamberti Valette 1917 [synonym]
†Isocrinus perlatus Quenstedt 1852
†Isocrinus psilonoti Quenstedt 1858
†Isocrinus sublaevigatus d'Orbigny 1850
†Isocrinus thiessingi Loriol 1879
†Isocrinus wyomingensis Koch 1962
†Isocrinus zeltbergensis Wollemann 1902
Invalid names: Isocrinites Meyer in Agassiz 1836 [synonym]
G. †Tyrolecrinus Klikushin 1982
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†Tyrolecrinus separatus Mu and Wu 1974
†Tyrolecrinus tyrolensis Laube 1865
†Tyrolecrinus wugangi Stiller 2011
G. Neocrinus Wyville Thomson 1864
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†Neocrinus australis Moore 1870
Neocrinus decorus Thompson 1864
†Neocrinus tenellus Eichwald 1868
Invalid names: Isocrinus parvus Howchin 1921 [nomen dubium], Pentacrinus exilis Eichwald 1868 [nomen dubium], Pentacrinus fairbanksi Anderson 1958 [nomen dubium], Pentacrinus stellatus Hutton 1873 [nomen dubium], Pentacrinus tehamaensis Clark and Twitchell 1915 [nomen dubium], Tauriniocrinus Rovereto 1939 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Donovan 1994, Aberhan 1992, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Kungurian to the top of the Messinian or 279.30000 to 5.33300 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 272.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 272.3 Ma
Collections (332 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kungurian | Australia (Western Australia) | Archaeoisocrinus occiduaustralis (120603) | |
| Spathian | USA (Utah) | Isocrinus sp. (44449) | |
| Anisian | New Zealand | Laevigatocrinus balmacaanensis (60863 60990 60991) | |
| Pelsonian - Illyrian | China (Guizhou) | Balanocrinus sp. (31611 31613 31616 31617 31618 31619 31627 31628 31631 31632) Balanocrinus sp., Tyrolecrinus tyrolensis (31620 31621 31622 31623 31624 31625 31626 31629) | |
| Pelsonian - Illyrian | Hungary | Isocrinus sp. (81050 81051) | |
| Middle Triassic | USA (Nevada) | Isocrinus sp. (203310) | |
| Ladinian | Iran | Balanocrinus sp., Isocrinus rollieri (97874) | |
| Longobardian | Italy (Trentino) | Pentacrinus propinquus (44953) | |
| Longobardian | Canada (British Columbia) | Isocrinus sp. (44367 44368 44369 44370) | |
| Carnian | USA (Nevada) | Isocrinus sp. (32520 32666 32670) | |
| Carnian | Hungary | Pentacrinus tyrolensis (70800) | |
| Carnian | Italy | Tyrolecrinus candelabrum, Tyrolecrinus tyrolensis (164191) | |
| Carnian | Italy (Venezia) | Isocrinus candelabrum, Isocrinus apetalus, Isocrinus sassostriensis, Isocrinus tyrolensis (56706) | |
| Carnian | USA (nevada) | Isocrinus sp. (32793) | |
| Carnian | Slovenia | Laevigatocrinus subcrenatus, Tyrolecrinus hercuniae, Tyrolecrinus sceptrum, Tyrolecrinus pecae, Tyrolecrinus tyrolensis (85175) Laevigatocrinus subcrenatus, Tyrolecrinus hercuniae, Tyrolecrinus scipio, Tyrolecrinus tyrolensis (85173) Laevigatocrinus subcrenatus, Tyrolecrinus sp., Tyrolecrinus tyrolensis (85177) | |
| Carnian | China (Xizang) | Isocrinus candelabrum (61262) | |
| Carnian | Germany | Pentacrinus propinquus (206011 206012) | |
| Carnian | China (Sichuan) | Tyrolecrinus sp., Tyrolecrinus tyrolensis (192218) | |
| Carnian | Austria (Tyrol) | Pentacrinus propinquus (202331) | |
| Carnian | Italy (South Tyrol) | Pentacrinus propinquus (205147 205149) | |