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Rheidae (rhea)

Osteichthyes - Rheiformes - Rheidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1849Rheidae Bonaparte
1891Rheidae Moreno and Mercerat p. 69
1914Rheidae Rovereto p. 160
1933Rheidae Lambrecht p. 110
1988Rheidae Carroll
2007Rheidae Livezey and Zusi p. 89
2009Rheidae Mayr p. 32
2014Rheidae del Hoyo et al.
2017Rheidae Clements et al.
2017Rheidae Noriega et al. p. 4
2023Rheidae Tambussi et al. p. 264

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Saurischia()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
superorderPalaeognathaePycraft 1900
orderRheiformes
familyRheidaeBonaparte 1849
familyRheidaeBonaparte 1849

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Rheidae Bonaparte 1849 [rhea]
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G. †Diogenornis Alvarenga 1983
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†Diogenornis fragilis Alvarenga 1983
G. †Heterorhea Rovereto 1914
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†Heterorhea dabbenei Rovereto 1914
G. †Hinasuri Tambussi 1995
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†Hinasuri nehuensis Tambussi 1995
G. †Opisthodactylus Ameghino 1891
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†Opisthodactylus horacioperezi Agnolin and Chafrat 2015
†Opisthodactylus kirchneri Noriega et al. 2017
†Opisthodactylus patagonicus Ameghino 1891
G. †Protorhea Moreno and Mercerat 1891
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†Protorhea azarae Moreno and Mercerat 1891
G. Rhea Brisson 1760
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Rhea americana Linnaeus 1758 [greater rhea]
†Rhea fossilis Moreno and Mercerat 1891
†Rhea nana Lydekker 1894
†Rhea pampeana Moreno and Mercerat 1891
Rhea pennata d'Orbigny 1834 [lesser rhea]
†Rhea subpampeana Moreno and Mercerat 1891
Rhea tarapacensis Chubb 1913 [Puna rhea]
Invalid names: Pterocnemia Gray 1870 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Eocene to the top of the Holocene or 56.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma

Collections (31 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) Diogenornis fragilis (38793)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Argentina (Buenos Aires) Rhea subpampeana (88835)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58Argentina Rhea fossilis (88837)
Colhuehuapian21.0 - 17.5Argentina (Río Negro) Opisthodactylus horacioperezi (89093)
Colhuehuapian21.0 - 17.5Argentina (Mendoza) Pterocnemia mesopotamica (189522)
Santacrucian17.5 - 16.3Argentina (Santa Cruz) Opisthodactylus patagonicus (27313 176563 176625 210153 210787)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (La Pampa) Pterocnemia sp. (87198)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (Entre Rios) Pterocnemia sp. (140471) Rheidae indet. (55600)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Argentina (La Rioja) Opisthodactylus kirchneri (152263)
Montehermosan5.0 - 3.8Argentina (Buenos Aires) Heterorhea dabbenei, Hinasuri nehuensis (198863) Protorhea azarae (13503)
Montehermosan - Chapadmalalan5.0 - 3.0Argentina (Catamarca) Opisthodactylus kirchneri (157795)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Brazil (Ceara) Rhea sp. (71302)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Argentina (Buenos Aires) Rhea sp. (63335)
Lujanian0.4 - 0.0117Argentina (Buenos Aires) Rheidae indet. (63337)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Piauí) Rhea sp. (211632)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Chubut) Rhea sp. (71338)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Buenos Aires) Rhea americana (73845) Rhea pampeana (88836)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Cordoba) Rheidae indet. (191130)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Rhea americana (63342) Rhea sp. (63338)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Bolivia (Chuquisaca) Rhea americana (70705)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Argentina (Santiago del Estero) Rhea americana (187627)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Argentina Rheidae indet. (93267)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Rhea americana, Pterocnemia pennata (73843)