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Picidae (woodpecker)

Reptilia - Theropoda - Picidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1825Picidae Vigors
1930Picidae Hay p. 352
1933Picidae Lambrecht p. 629
1940Picidae Wetmore p. 69
1956Picidae Wetmore p. 89
1970Picidae Brunet p. 46
1988Picidae Carroll
1992Picidae Parmalee p. 314
2007Picidae Livezey and Zusi p. 95
2014Picidae del Hoyo et al.
2017Picidae Clements et al.
2022Picidae Mayr p. 209 figs. Fig. 10.8
2023Picidae Tambussi et al. p. 275

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
RankNameAuthor
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
orderTheropoda
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
—NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
—Terrestrornithes
—Dendrornithes
—AnomalogonatesGarrod 1874
—Picoclamatores
superorderPasserimorphaeSibley et al. 1988
orderPiciformesMeyer and Wolf 1810
familyPicidaeVigors 1825
familyPicidaeVigors 1825

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Picidae Vigors 1825 [woodpecker]
show all | hide all
G. Campephilus Gray 1840
+
Campephilus principalis Linnaeus 1758 [ivory-billed woodpecker]
G. Colaptes Vigors 1825
+
Colaptes auratus Linnaeus 1758 [northern flicker]
+
Colaptes campestris Vieillot 1818 [campo flicker]
Colaptes chrysoides Malherbe 1852
†Colaptes naroskyi Agnolín and Jofré 2017
†Colaptes oceanicus Olson 2013 [Bermuda flicker]
G. Dendrocopos Koch 1816
+
Dendrocopos leucotos Bechstein 1802 [white-backed woodpecker]
G. Dryocopus Boie 1826
+
Dryocopus pileatus Linnaeus 1758 [pileated woodpecker]
G. †Homalopus Milne-Edwards 1871
+
†Homalopus picoides Milne-Edwards 1871
G. Jynx Linnaeus 1758
+
Jynx torquilla Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian wryneck]
G. Melanerpes Swainson 1832
+
Melanerpes carolinus Linnaeus 1758 [red-bellied woodpecker]
Melanerpes erythrocephalus Linnaeus 1758 [red-headed woodpecker]
Melanerpes formicivorus Swainson 1827 [acorn woodpecker]
Melanerpes lewis Gray 1849 [Lewis's woodpecker]
Melanerpes striatus Statius Muller 1776 [Hispaniolan woodpecker]
Melanerpes superciliaris Temminck 1827 [West Indian woodpecker]
+
Invalid names: Bathoceleus hyphalus Brodkorb 1959 [synonym]
Invalid names: Asyndesmus Coues 1866 [synonym], Bathoceleus Brodkorb 1959 [synonym], Centurus Swainson 1837 [synonym]
G. Nesoctites Hargitt 1890
+
Nesoctites micromegas Sundevall 1866 [Antillean piculet]
G. †Palaeopicus Lambrecht 1933
Subfm. Picinae Bonaparte 1838
+
G. Ceophloeus Cabanis 1862
+
Subg. Ceophloeus (Phloeotomus) Cabanis and Heine 1863
G. Picoides Lacépède 1799
+
Picoides borealis Vieillot 1809 [red-cockaded woodpecker]
†Picoides major Linnaeus 1758
†Picoides medius Linnaeus 1758
Picoides pubescens Linnaeus 1766 [downy woodpecker]
Picoides villosus Linnaeus 1766 [hairy woodpecker]
G. Picumnus Temminck 1825
G. Picus Linnaeus 1758
+
Picus canus Gmelin 1788 [gray-headed woodpecker]
†Picus gaudryi Depéret 1887
†Picus peregrinabundus Umans'ka 1981
Picus viridis Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian green woodpecker]
G. †Pliopicus Feduccia and Wilson 1967
G. Sapheopipo Hargitt 1890
+
Sapheopipo noguchii Seebohm 1887 [Okinawa woodpecker]
G. Sphyrapicus Baird 1858
+
Sphyrapicus ruber Gmelin 1788 [red-breasted sapsucker]
Sphyrapicus varius Linnaeus 1766 [yellow-bellied sapsucker]
G. †Uintornis Marsh 1872
+
†Uintornis lucaris Marsh 1872
†Uintornis marionae Feduccia and Martin 1976
G. Xiphidiopicus Bonaparte 1854
+
Xiphidiopicus percussus Temminck 1826 [Cuban green woodpecker]
Invalid names: Jynginae Bonaparte 1838 [empty], Picumninae del Hoyo et al. 2014 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialf
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: volantf
Diet: insectivoref
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 16:38:55
Modified: 2009-01-03 18:38:55
Source: f = family, o = order
References: Naka 2004, Marsh 1875

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Eocene to the top of the Holocene or 47.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 37.71 Ma

Collections (77 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71USA (Wyoming) Uintornis lucaris (81455) Uintornis marionae (81456)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Kansas) Pliopicus brodkorbi (18450)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Ukraine Picus peregrinabundus (39816)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117France (Midi-Pyrenees) Picidae indet. (35076)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (Florida) Colaptes auratus, Melanerpes sp., Picoides villosus, Dryocopus sp. (20384)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Hungary (Barany) Dendrocopos submajor, Picus viridis (35457)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (California) Colaptes auratus (176098)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Italy Jynx torquilla (197789)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Colaptes auratus, Melanerpes sp. (20350) Melanerpes erythrocephalus, Picoides villosus (20385)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Colorado) Colaptes auratus, Picoides villosus (152653)
Lujanian0.781 - 0.012Argentina (Buenos Aires) Colaptes campestris (140805)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy (Siracusa) Picus viridis, Dendrocopos leucotos (175900)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy Picus canus (197926)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (California) Asyndesmus lewisi (150336) Colaptes cafer (161536) Colaptes cafer, Dryocopus pileatus, Sphyrapicus sp., Asyndesmus lewisi (152008)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Florida) Colaptes auratus, Melanerpes erythrocephalus (20491)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Cayman Islands Colaptes auratus (209851)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Colaptes auratus (93277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Bermuda Colaptes oceanicus (154780)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Colaptes auratus (154773 154936)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Crete) Dendrocopos leucotos (192951 192966)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Bermuda Colaptes oceanicus (194442 194443) Sphyrapicus varius (194447)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Colaptes auratus, Melanerpes carolinus (20573) Colaptes auratus, Melanerpes erythrocephalus (20595) Dendrocopos borealis (20636) Melanerpes carolinus (20580)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Colaptes auratus (104697) Colaptes auratus, Centurus carolinus, Melanerpes erythrocephalus, Dendrocopos pubescens (82258) Picidae indet., Colaptes auratus, Centurus carolinus, Dryocopus pileatus, Sphyrapicus varius, Dendrocopos villosus (103991)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Bahamas Centurus superciliaris, Colaptes chrysocaulosus (194589)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Tennessee) Colaptes auratus, Picoides villosus, Melanerpes carolinus (82890)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Colaptes auratus (76060) Picidae indet., Colaptes auratus (76059)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Colaptes auratus, Melanerpes sp., Dryocopus sp. (154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Bahamas (Great Abaco Island) Colaptes sp. (144663)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Colaptes sp. (93281)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Japan Sapheopipo noguchii (193443)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Colaptes auratus, Melanerpes sp., Picoides villosus, Dryocopus pileatus (84190)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Alabama) Picoides villosus, Melanerpes carolinus (84181)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Colaptes auratus (123918) Colaptes cafer (44954 74235 79630 155409 218989) Colaptes cafer, Ceophloeus plicatus, Asyndesmus lewis (190077) Melanerpes formicivorus, Sphyrapicus ruber (215552)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Colaptes cafer (155393)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Italy Picidae indet., Picus viridis (197769) Picus canus (197787)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain Picus viridis (197938)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Romania Picus canus (197946)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Oregon) Colaptes cafer (93251)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Picidae indet., Colaptes auratus, Dendrocopos villosus (104035)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0USA (Arizona) Colaptes auratus (93374)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Bermuda Colaptes oceanicus (194444)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Dominican Republic Picidae indet., Melanerpes striatus, Nesoctites micromegas (194485)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Bahamas (New Providence Island) Colaptes sp., Melanerpes superciliaris (194590) Colaptes sp., Picoides villosus, Bathoceleus hyphalus, Sphyrapicus varius, Melanerpes superciliaris, Xiphidiopicus percussus (194588) Melanerpes superciliaris (144649)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Spain Jynx torquilla (194936)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Bermuda Colaptes oceanicus (194445) Sphyrapicus varius (194446)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Illinois) Campephilus principalis (195052)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Ohio) Campephilus principalis (195064) Colaptes sp., Dryocopus pileatus (195062) Colaptes sp., Dryocopus pileatus, Campephilus principalis (195063)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Haiti Sphyrapicus varius, Melanerpes striatus (194483)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Dominican Republic Melanerpes striatus, Nesoctites micromegas (194484)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0France (Corse) Jynx torquilla (215378)