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Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) cephallonicus

Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae

Taxonomy
Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) cephallonicus was named by Theodorou et al. (2018). Its type specimen is AMPG 900, a maxilla (maxilla with right M2, left M1-M3), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Poros, which is in a Pleistocene terrestrial horizon in Greece.

Sister species lacking formal opinion data
E. iolensis, E. kiangnanensis, Palaeoloxodon namadicus

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2018Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) cephallonicus Theodorou et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
—Tethytheria
orderProboscidea()
suborderElephantiformesTassy 1988
superfamilyElephantoidea
familyElephantidae
subfamilyElephantinaeGray 1821
tribeElephantiniGray 1821
genusElephas
subgenusPalaeoloxodon
speciescephallonicus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) cephallonicus Theodorou et al. 2018
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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
G. Theodorou et al. 2018A dwarf endemic middle size species of the Elephantidae Family. Molars are larger than those of Elephas tiliensis and close to those of Elephas creutzburgi and Elephas mnaidriensis. These two forms are smaller than Elephas chaniensis, whose fossils are larger generally larger than Elephas creutzburgi and smaller than Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus. The M2 sin from Kephallonia has 11 lamellae (all in situ), maximum width (close to the occlusal surface) 71-72 mm. and total length about 21 cm. Lamellar Frequency 5.5- 6.5 and maximum Lamellar height about 15 cm. Angle between left and right M2 is 20-22 degrees.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-22 20:09:03
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988

Age range: Late/Upper Pleistocene or 0.12900 to 0.01170 Ma

Collections: one only


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Kefallenia) Elephas cephallonicus (type locality: 204403)