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| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Puma (cougar)
Taxonomy
Puma was named by Jardine (1834). It is extant.
It was assigned to Felidae by Jardine (1834), Salles et al. (2006); and to Felinae by Martin (1998), Johnson et al. (2006), Breitenmoser and Breitenmoser (2017).
It was assigned to Felidae by Jardine (1834), Salles et al. (2006); and to Felinae by Martin (1998), Johnson et al. (2006), Breitenmoser and Breitenmoser (2017).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1834 | Puma Jardine |
| 1998 | Puma Martin p. 238 |
| 2006 | Puma Johnson et al. p. 74 |
| 2006 | Puma Salles et al. p. 8 |
| 2017 | Puma Breitenmoser and Breitenmoser p. 33 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Puma Jardine 1834 [cougar]
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Herpailurus yagouaroundi yagouaroundi Geoffroy 1803
Puma concolor Linnaeus 1771 [puma]
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Invalid names: Felis aztecus Merriam 1903 [synonym], Felis bangsi Merriam 1901 [synonym], Felis californica May 1896 [synonym], Felis coryi Bangs 1899 [synonym], Felis couguar Kerr 1792 [synonym], Felis daggetti Merriam 1918 [synonym], Felis hawveri Stock 1918 [synonym], Felis hippolestes Merriam 1897 [synonym], Felis oregonensis Rafinesque 1832 [synonym], Felis puma Molina 1782 [synonym]
†Puma lacustris Gazin 1933
Puma yagouaroundi Geoffroy 1803 [jaguarundi]
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Herpailurus yagouaroundi ameghinoi Holmberg 1898
Herpailurus yagouaroundi cacomitli Berlandier 1859
Herpailurus yagouaroundi eyra Fischer 1814
Herpailurus yagouaroundi fossata Mearns 1901
Herpailurus yagouaroundi melantho Thomas 1914
Herpailurus yagouaroundi panamensis Allen 1904
Herpailurus yagouaroundi tolteca Thomas 1898
Invalid names: Felis apache Mearns 1901 [synonym], Felis darwini Martin 1837 [synonym], Felis jaguarondi Fischer 1814 [objective synonym], Felis unicolor Trail 1819 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Body mass estimates
| estimate | equation | reference |
|---|---|---|
| 26.1 kg | Mammalia femur diameter | Gingerich 1990 |
| 56.8 kg | Mammalia humerus diameter | Gingerich 1990 |
| 45.7 kg | Mammalia tibia diameter | Gingerich 1990 |
| mean: 40.7 kg | ||
Measurements
| part | N | mean | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| femur diameter | 1 | 16.6 | |||||
| humerus diameter | 1 | 23.2 | |||||
| radius diameter | 1 | 12.4 | |||||
| tibia diameter | 1 | 19.6 |
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Van Valkenburgh 1988, Lillegraven 1979 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Pliocene to the top of the Holocene or 5.33300 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 4.7 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 4.7 Ma
Collections (75 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| early Early Hemphillian - late Early Hemphillian | USA (Idaho) | Puma lacustris (218109 218111) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Armenia (Shirak) | Puma sp. (241915) | |
| Pliocene | Georgia | Puma pardoides (40392) | |
| Blancan | USA (Idaho) | Felis lacustris (19913) Puma concolor (19786 19787 19796) | |
| Blancan | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | Felis lacustris (20075) | |
| Blancan | USA (California) | Felis concolor (19663 20116 20121) Felis concolor, Felis lacustris (20120) Felis lacustris (20118 20122) | |
| Blancan | USA (Texas) | Felis lacustris (20023 20031 20033) | |
| Blancan | USA (Washington) | Felis lacustris (20062) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Italy | Puma pardoides (189027) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Bolivia (Tarija ) | Felis concolor (70673) | |
| Pleistocene | Peru (Huanuco) | Puma sp. (145576) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Washington) | Puma concolor (235058) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Maryland) | Felis couguar (126660) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Texas) | Felis oregonensis (93257) | |
| Ensenadan | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Puma concolor (212780) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Kansas) | Felis concolor (20295) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (California) | Felis concolor (20272) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Washington) | Felis concolor (20307) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (California) | Felis concolor (20639) | |
| Lujanian | Uruguay | Felis concolor, Puma concolor (71274) | |
| Lujanian (interglacial) | Uruguay (Salto) | Puma concolor (140159) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (South Carolina) | Puma concolor (79757) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Florida) | Felis concolor (20491) Puma concolor (195112) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Felis daggetti (150336) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Idaho) | Puma concolor (20569) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Chile (Magallanes) | Puma concolor (141367) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (California) | Puma concolor (155393) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Peru | Puma concolor (212474) Puma sp. (212475) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Florida) | Puma concolor (154722) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Felis hawveri (155409) Felis hippolestes (93250) Felis sp. (20273) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | Brazil (Bahia) | Puma concolor (136498) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (New Mexico) | Felis concolor (76059) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (New Mexico) | Felis concolor (93141 93281) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Brazil (Piaui) | Felis yagouaroundi (71334) Herpailurus yagouaroundi (71332 71335) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Wyoming) | Felis concolor (93277) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Missouri) | Felis concolor (93379) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Florida) | Felis sp. (20636) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Georgia) | Felis concolor (13066) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Argentina (Santiago del Estero) | Puma concolor (191153) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Quintana Roo) | Puma concolor (212361) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Honduras (Copan) | Puma concolor (230462) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Felis concolor (73845) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene (late glacial) | USA (Arizona) | Felis concolor (93374) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Utah) | Felis concolor (93326) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Brazil (Bahia) | Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Puma concolor (71313) Puma concolor (212251) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Mexico (Chihuahua) | Puma concolor (71263) | |
| Holocene | Panama | Felis concolor, Felis yagouaroundi (21691) | |
| Holocene | USA (Virginia) | Felis concolor (104675) | |
| Holocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Puma sp. (71349) | |
| Holocene | Venezuela (Guarico) | Felis concolor, Felis yagouaroundi (21686) | |
| Holocene | Brazil (Bahia) | Puma concolor (212250) | |
| Holocene | USA (Ohio) | Puma concolor (195062 195067) | |
| Holocene | Peru | Felis concolor, Felis yagouaroundi (21689) | |
| Holocene | Brazil (Districto Agropecura) | Felis concolor (21687) | |
| Holocene | USA (Montana) | Felis concolor (162133) |