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Eucyon
Taxonomy
Eucyon was named by Tedford and Qiu (1996). It is not extant.
It was assigned to Canina by Wang et al. (2008), Tedford et al. (2009); to Caninae by Spassov and Rook (2006), García (2008), May (2019); to Canidae by Tedford and Qiu (1996), Werdelin and Peigne (2010), Werdelin et al. (2014), Koufos (2022); and to Canini by Valenciano et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Canina by Wang et al. (2008), Tedford et al. (2009); to Caninae by Spassov and Rook (2006), García (2008), May (2019); to Canidae by Tedford and Qiu (1996), Werdelin and Peigne (2010), Werdelin et al. (2014), Koufos (2022); and to Canini by Valenciano et al. (2022).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1996 | Eucyon Tedford and Qiu |
| 2006 | Eucyon Spassov and Rook |
| 2008 | Eucyon García |
| 2008 | Eucyon Wang et al. |
| 2009 | Eucyon Tedford et al. p. 89 |
| 2010 | Eucyon Werdelin and Peigne p. 615 |
| 2014 | Eucyon Werdelin et al. |
| 2019 | Eucyon May |
| 2022 | Eucyon Koufos |
| 2022 | Eucyon Valenciano et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Eucyon Tedford and Qiu 1996
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†Eucyon adoxus Martin 1971
†Eucyon davisi Merriam 1911
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Invalid names: Canis condoni Shotwell 1956 [synonym], Leptocyon shermanensis Hibbard 1937 [synonym]
†Eucyon debonisi Montoya et al. 2009
†Eucyon ferox Miller and Carranza-Castaneda 1998
†Eucyon intrepidus Morales et al. 2005
†Eucyon khoikhoi Valenciano et al. 2022
†Eucyon kuta Werdelin et al. 2014
†Eucyon marinae Spassov and Rook 2006
†Eucyon minor Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Eucyon monticinensis Rook 1992
†Eucyon odessanus Odintzov 1967
†Eucyon skinneri Tedford et al. 2009
†Eucyon wokari García 2008
†Eucyon zhoui Tedford and Qiu 1996
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| R. H. Tedford et al. 2009 | Eucyon has no autapo- morphies but is distinguished from the fossil and living Vulpini and the Cerdocyonina by possession of synapomorphies also present in all other members of the Canina: frontal sinus invading base of postorbital process removing ‘‘vulpine-crease’’ or depression from dorsal surface of process; paroccipital process expanded posteriorly usually with salient tip; mastoid process enlarged as knob or ridgelike prominence; loss of foxlike lateral flare and eversion of dorsal border of orbital part of zygoma.
Primitive characters retained by Eucyon relative to those of most species of Canis are: frontal sinus less posteriorly extended, ends anterior to frontoparietal suture and does not completely invade postorbital process; supra- occipital shield fan-shaped, inion broad and not strongly overhanging condyles; I3 less enlarged relative to I2 with weaker postero- medial cingulum; M1 paracone and meta- cone subequal in size; M2 metaconule weak or absent, postprotocrista present; m1 ento- conid and hypoconid usually not joined by transverse crest; angular process of mandib- ular ramus less expanded with smaller fossa for inferior pterygoid muscle; forelimb short relative to hindlimb, radius/tibia ratio less than 80%; and humerus often with entepi- condylar foramen. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1991, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Van Valkenburgh 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Miocene to the top of the Late/Upper Pliocene or 11.63000 to 2.58000 Ma
Collections (70 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clarendonian | USA (Texas) | E. sp. (18623) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | E. skinneri (18214) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Italy (Cuneo) | E. monticinensis (175903) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Mongolia (Great Lake Depression) | E. davisi (197941) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Kenya | E. intrepidus (230935) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | Greece (Thessaloniki) | E. odessanus (182683) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Jalisco) | Canis ferox (18745 189788 189790) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Arizona) | E. davisi (19272) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Kansas) | Canis davisi (18166 18342) Leptocyon shermanensis (18140) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nevada) | Canis davisi (18900) E. davisi (19095) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Oregon) | Canis condoni (18970) Canis davisi (18936 18943 18944 19116) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Washington) | E. davisi (232055) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | E. davisi (18560) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | Canis davisi (18097) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (California) | E. davisi (19480) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (New Mexico) | Canis davisi (19533) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Guanajuato) | Canis ferox (18718) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Hidalgo) | Canis ferox (212307) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Oklahoma) | Canis ferox, Canis davisi (18304) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | Canis sp. (18036) E. davisi (18340) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (California) | E. davisi (19582) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | E. davisi (18532) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Arizona) | Canis ferox, Canis davisi (19612) Canis ferox, Canis sp. (19514) Canis sp. (19610) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Guanajuato) | Canis ferox (18713 18737) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Canis davisi (18247) Canis lepophagus (18126) E. davisi (35430) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (New Mexico) | Canis sp. (19473) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Chihuahua) | Canis ferox, E. davisi (18755) | |
| early Early Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | E. sp. (19538) | |
| Turolian | Spain (Valencia) | Nyctereutes donnezani, Canis sp. (40758) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Ravenna) | E. monticinensis (144566) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Canada (Northwest Territories) | E. davisi (20083) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Spain (Murcia) | E. monticinensis (185681) | |
| Zanclean | Ethiopia | E. kuta (230945 230946) E. wokari (230941 230944) | |
| Zanclean | South Africa | E. khoikhoi (230934) | |
| Zanclean | Mongolia (Bayanhongor) | E. marinae (230933) | |
| Pliocene | USA (Idaho) | Canis ferox (181255) | |
| Blancan | USA (Kansas) | Canis ferox (19925) Canis lepophagus (19936) | |
| Blancan | USA (Idaho) | Canis lepophagus (19832 19836 19868 19902 19906) | |
| Blancan | USA (Washington) | Canis davisi (20063) | |
| Blancan | USA (Nebraska) | Canis sp. (19959 19960) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | China (Shanxi) | E. davisi (230804 230919) E. zhoui (230920 230921 230922) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Hebei) | E. minor (231023) |