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Taxonomy
Tremarctos was named by Gervais (1855) [type South American T. ornatus]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Tremarctini by Chorn and Hoffman (1978), Hunt (1998); to Tremarctinae by Bjork (1970), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Trajano and Ferrarezzi (1995), Waits et al. (1999); to Ursidae by Gervais (1855), Ewer (1973), Carroll (1988), Albright et al. (2019); and to Arctotheriini by Jiangzuo and Flynn (2020).
It was assigned to Tremarctini by Chorn and Hoffman (1978), Hunt (1998); to Tremarctinae by Bjork (1970), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Trajano and Ferrarezzi (1995), Waits et al. (1999); to Ursidae by Gervais (1855), Ewer (1973), Carroll (1988), Albright et al. (2019); and to Arctotheriini by Jiangzuo and Flynn (2020).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1855 | Tremarctos Gervais |
| 1970 | Tremarctos Bjork |
| 1973 | Tremarctos Ewer |
| 1978 | Tremarctos Chorn and Hoffman p. 3 |
| 1980 | Tremarctos Kurten and Anderson p. 178 |
| 1988 | Tremarctos Carroll |
| 1995 | Tremarctos Trajano and Ferrarezzi p. 559 |
| 1998 | Tremarctos Hunt, Jr. p. 185 |
| 1999 | Tremarctos Waits et al. p. 86 |
| 2019 | Tremarctos Albright et al. p. 176 |
| 2020 | Tremarctos Jiangzuo and Flynn |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Tremarctos Gervais 1855
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†Tremarctos floridanus Gidley 1928 [Florida cave bear]
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Invalid names: Tremarctos mexicanus Stock 1950 [synonym]
Tremarctos ornatus Cuvier 1825 [spectacled bear]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Van Valkenburgh 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Pleistocene to the top of the Rancholabrean or 2.58800 to 0.01200 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 1.8 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 1.8 Ma
Collections (28 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blancan | USA (California) | T. floridanus (20113) | |
| Blancan | Mexico (Sonora) | T. floridanus (20322) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | T. floridanus (65405) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (California) | T. sp. (20125) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | T. floridanus (20520) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Maryland) | T. floridanus (20302) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Florida) | T. floridanus (20398 20491 195112) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Texas) | T. floridanus (225289) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (South Carolina) | T. floridanus (79757) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Florida) | Arctodus floridanus (154771) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | T. floridanus (74292 154773 154804 154805 154936) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | T. floridanus (79920) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Georgia) | T. floridanus (13066) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Florida) | T. floridanus (154722) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Nuevo Leon) | T. mexicanus (71345) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Florida) | T. floridanus (20573 20593 20636 20650) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Mississippi) | T. floridanus (93344 93345 93346) |