PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Prosthennops

Mammalia - Tayassuidae

Taxonomy

Prosthennops was named by Matthew and Gidley (1904). Its type is Dicotyles serus.

It was assigned to Dicotylidae by Matthew and Gidley (1904); to Tayassuidae by Carroll (1988) and Hulbert and Whitmore (2006); to Tayassuinae by McKenna and Bell (1997), Wright (1998) and Dutra et al. (2017); and to Mylohyini by Prothero (2021).

Species

P. kernensis, P. serus (syn. P. graffhami), P. ziegleri

Synonyms

Hesperopithecus was named by Osborn (1922).

It was synonymized subjectively with Prosthennops by Gregory (1927) and Colbert (1935).
Platygonus ziegleri was named by Marsh (1871).

It was recombined as Prosthennops ziegleri by Matthew (1924) and Colbert (1935); it was considered a nomen dubium by Colbert (1938) and Prothero (2021).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1871	Platygonus ziegleri Marsh p. 40
1902	Platygonus ziegleri Hay p. 661
1904	Prosthennops Matthew and Gidley p. 265
1922	Hesperopithecus Osborn
1924	Prosthennops ziegleri Matthew
1935	Prosthennops ziegleri Colbert
1988	Prosthennops Carroll
1997	Prosthennops McKenna and Bell p. 397
1998	Prosthennops Wright p. 395
2006	Prosthennops Hulbert and Whitmore p. 6
2017	Prosthennops Dutra et al. p. 353
2021	Prosthennops Prothero p. 39

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Artiodactylamorpha
—	Artiodactyla	()
superfamily	Suoidea
—	Suina	(Gray 1868)
family	Tayassuidae
subfamily	Tayassuinae	Palmer 1897
genus	Prosthennops

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Prosthennops Matthew and Gidley 1904

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†Prosthennops kernensis Colbert 1938

†Prosthennops serus Cope 1877

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Invalid names: Prosthennops graffhami Schultz and Martin 1975 [synonym]

Invalid names: Hesperopithecus Osborn 1922 [synonym], Prosthennops ziegleri Marsh 1871 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
W. D. Matthew and J. W. Gidley 1904	Incisors vestigial; canines elliptical in cross-section, more recurved than in Tayassu; premolars less completely molariform than in Mylohyus (or Tayassu ?); muzzle anterior to premolars more elongate than in Tayassu, but less so than in Mylohyus; malar bones expanded transversely into massive tuberosities; orbits placed well back, being directly over the glenoid fossae

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

herbivoref

Diet 2:

omnivoref

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-08-23 13:10:33

Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Serravallian to the top of the Blancan or 13.82000 to 1.80000 Ma

Collections (28 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (Texas)	P. sp. (18646 207493)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (Kansas)	Dicotyles serus (18360)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.62	USA (Virginia)	Tayassuidae indet. (57700)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Nebraska)	P. sp. (188779)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Texas)	P. sp. (18610 18611 18623 18640 18645 207452 207489)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (California)	P. kernensis (19393)
Late/Upper Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Oregon)	P. sp. (19036)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.9	USA (Washington)	P. sp. (175228)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.9	USA (Nebraska)	P. graffhami (18181) P. serus (18305)
Late/Upper Clarendonian - Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.9	USA (Texas)	P. sp. (18307)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	Costa Rica (Puntarenas)	P. serus (144596)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	Honduras	P. serus (18732)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (Nebraska)	P. serus (18086)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (Kansas)	P. serus (18140)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (Texas)	P. graffhami (18072 18097)
Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (Alabama)	P. sp. (18559)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	USA (Nebraska)	P. serus (18499)
Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan	10.3 - 1.8	USA (Tennessee)	P. serus (26574)
Blancan	4.9 - 1.8	Mexico (Hidalgo)	P. sp. (20079)