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Ticholeptus
Taxonomy
Ticholeptus was named by Cope (1878). Its type is Ticholeptus zygomaticus. It is the type genus of Ticholeptinae.
It was synonymized subjectively with Merychyus by Cope (1884), Scott (1890), Scott (1893), Hay (1902).
It was assigned to Merycoidodontidae by Cope (1878), Thorpe (1937), Kelly and Lander (1988), Lander (1998); and to Ticholeptinae by Schultz and Falkenbach (1941), Stevens and Stevens (2007), Stevens et al. (2023).
It was synonymized subjectively with Merychyus by Cope (1884), Scott (1890), Scott (1893), Hay (1902).
It was assigned to Merycoidodontidae by Cope (1878), Thorpe (1937), Kelly and Lander (1988), Lander (1998); and to Ticholeptinae by Schultz and Falkenbach (1941), Stevens and Stevens (2007), Stevens et al. (2023).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1878 | Ticholeptus Cope |
| 1903 | Poatrephes Douglass |
| 1937 | Ticholeptus Thorpe p. 186 |
| 1937 | Poatrephes Thorpe p. 200 |
| 1941 | Ticholeptus Schultz and Falkenbach p. 72 |
| 1988 | Ticholeptus Kelly and Lander |
| 1998 | Ticholeptus Lander |
| 2007 | Ticholeptus Stevens and Stevens p. 163 |
| 2023 | Ticholeptus Stevens et al. p. 88 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Ticholeptus Cope 1878
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†Ticholeptus bluei Schultz and Falkenbach 1947
†Ticholeptus calimontanus Dougherty 1940
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Invalid names: Ticholeptus tooheyi Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [synonym]
†Ticholeptus zygomaticus Cope 1878
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Invalid names: Merychyus smithi Douglass 1903 [synonym], Merycochoerus obliquidens Cope 1886 [synonym], Poatrephes paludicola Douglass 1903 [synonym], Ticholeptus hypsodus Loomis 1924 [synonym], Ticholeptus hypsodus leadorensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [synonym], Ticholeptus rileyi Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [synonym], Ustatochoerus schrammi Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [synonym]
Invalid names: Poatrephes Douglass 1903 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach 1941 | SKULL.-Medium-sized, ranging in length from approximately 210 mm. to 250 mm.; mesocephalic to brachycephalic; occipital region fan-shaped, similar to that of Ustatochoerus; brain case inflated; malar prominent anterior to orbit (starting above posterior premolar region), causing a broad facial depression in the lacrimal region embracing the facial vacuity; zygomatic arch of light con- struction; nasals moderately long with slight retraction; infraorbital foramen above PLP 4 ; muzzle square and broad; occipital condyles light; postglenoid processes large and more robust than in Ustatochoerus; bullre semi-depressed, similar to those of Ustatochoerus.
MANDIBLE.-Medium-sized; Werior border of ramus similar to that of Ustatochoerus; inferior region of angle with pronounced internal curve. DENTITION.-Slightly hypsodont; lighter than in Ustatochoerus and not as hypsodont; small cusp on interior-posterior portion of pa; inferior premolars not as crowded as in Ustatochoerus; M1 small; pronounced heel on Ma. LIMBS.-Known only from referred examples of T. hypsodus and from partial limbs of the holotypes of T. rileyi and T. tooheyi; proportionately lighter than Brachycrus and Ustatochoerus; decidedly longer and more robust than in Merychyus. | |
| M. S. Stevens et al. 2023 | Medium-sized oreodonts with a well-developed facial vacuity, mesodont cheek teeth, and premaxillae that are flattened anteriorly and united for a short distance along the alveolar border. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Lander 1998, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Hemingfordian to the top of the Barstovian or 18.50000 to 12.50000 Ma
Collections (51 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Harrisonian - Hemingfordian | USA (Montana) | T. sp. (18811) | |
| Miocene | USA (California) | Merychyus calimontanus (19477) | |
| Miocene | USA (Oregon) | T. sp. (18898) | |
| Miocene | USA (Nevada) | T. zygomaticus (18922 18925 18946) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | Merychyus elegans (17978) T. bluei (17935) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (California) | T. calimontanus (19367 19600) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Nevada) | T. sp. (18991) T. zygomaticus (18960 18961 18962 18963 18964 18965) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | T. hypsodus (17979 17999) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Colorado) | T. sp. (17908) | |
| Barstovian | USA (California) | Merychyus relictus (19513) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Texas) | T. rileyi (18619) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Oregon) | Merycoidodontidae indet. (18809) T. obliquidens (19017 19019) T. sp. (19056 19092) T. zygomaticus (19027 19031) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | T. sp. (18261 18284) Ustatochoerus schrammi (18124) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nevada) | T. sp. (19103) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Idaho) | T. hypsodus (19013) | |
| Barstovian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | T. sp. (18758 18759 18794 18797 18799) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Montana) | T. zygomaticus, Poatrephes paludicola (18894) | |
| Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | T. hypsodus (17904 17905 17955 17956 17972 17976 18004 18011 18020) | |
| Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Florida) | T. hypsodus (18549) | |
| Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Montana) | T. sp. (18803) |