PBDB Taxon

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Belinurus trilobitoides

Xiphosura - Xiphosurida - Belinuridae

Taxonomy

Limulus trilobitoides was named by Buckland (1837). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Coalbrook Dale (White Flatstone Measures, Anstice collection), which is in a Westphalian B interdistributary bay mudstone in the United Kingdom. It is the type species of Belinurus.

It was recombined as Steropis trilobitoides by Baily (1858); it was recombined as Bellinurus trilobitoides by Woodward (1872) and Lamsdell (2016); it was recombined as Belinurus trilobitoides by Bronn (1839), Woodward (1867), Lamsdell (2020), Lamsdell and Clapham (2021) and Lamsdell (2022).

Synonyms

Bellinurus trechmanni was named by Woodward (1918). It is a mold. Its type locality is Claxheugh on the Wear, which is in a Westphalian C terrestrial ironstone in the Upper Coal Measures Formation of the United Kingdom.

It was recombined as Belinurus trechmanni by Lamsdell (2020) and Lamsdell and Clapham (2021); it was synonymized subjectively with Belinurus trilobitoides by Lamsdell (2022).
Bellinurus baldwini was named by Woodward (1907). It is a compression fossil. Its type locality is Sparth Bottoms, Rochdale (BMNH coll), which is in a Westphalian A delta plain shale in the United Kingdom.

It was recombined as Koenigiella baldwini by Lamsdell (2020); it was synonymized subjectively with Belinurus trilobitoides by Lamsdell (2022).
Bellinurus longicaudatus was named by Woodward (1907). It is a compression fossil. Its type locality is Sparth Bottoms, Rochdale (BMNH coll), which is in a Westphalian A delta plain shale in the United Kingdom.

It was recombined as Koenigiella longicaudatus by Lamsdell (2020); it was synonymized subjectively with Belinurus trilobitoides by Lamsdell (2022).
Belinurus morgani was named by Dix and Pringle (1930). Its type specimen is BGS 49362, a carapace, and it is an impression. Its type locality is Cefn Coed colliery (729 yards depth), which is in a Westphalian B delta plain shale in the United Kingdom.

It was recombined as Bellinurus morgani by Dunlop et al. (2013); it was synonymized subjectively with Belinurus trilobitoides by Lamsdell (2022).
Belinurus truemani was named by Dix and Pringle (1929). Its type specimen is NMW 29.197.G1, a carapace, and it is an impression. Its type locality is Borehole at Cwmgorse, 1280 feet, which is in a Westphalian B fluvial-lacustrine shale in the United Kingdom.

It was recombined as Bellinurus truemani by Dunlop et al. (2013); it was recombined as Koenigiella truemani by Lamsdell (2020); it was synonymized subjectively with Belinurus trilobitoides by Lamsdell (2022).
Belinurus bellulus was named by Pictet (1846).

It was recombined as Bellinurus bellulus by Woodward (1918), Dunlop et al. (2013) and Lamsdell (2016); it was synonymized objectively with Belinurus trilobitoides by Lamsdell and Clapham (2021) and Lamsdell (2022).
Belinurus koenigianus was named by Woodward (1872).

It was recombined as Bellinurus koenigianus by Woodward (1872), Woodward (1918) and Dunlop et al. (2013); it was recombined as Koenigiella koenigiana by Raymond (1944); it was recombined as Koenigiella koenigianus by Lamsdell (2020); it was synonymized subjectively with Belinurus trilobitoides by Lamsdell (2022).
Bellinurus regina was named by Baily (1859). Its type specimen is GSI:F23541, a carapace, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Bilboa Colliery, which is in a Westphalian A lacustrine shale in the Coolbaun Coal Formation of Ireland.

It was recombined as Belinurus reginae by Baily (1863), Woodward (1867), Dix and Pringle (1930) and Copeland (1957); it was corrected as Bellinurus reginae by Woodward (1872), Woodward (1918) and Dunlop et al. (2013); it was recombined as Koenigiella reginae by Raymond (1944) and Lamsdell (2020); it was synonymized subjectively with Belinurus trilobitoides by Lamsdell (2022).
Belinurus carwayensis was named by Dix and Pringle (1929). Its type specimen is NMW 29.197.G3 and is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Carway Colliery, above Hwch Vein, which is in a Westphalian B fluvial-lacustrine shale in the United Kingdom.

It was synonymized subjectively with Belinurus trilobitoides by Lamsdell (2022).
Belinurus concinnus was named by Dix and Pringle (1929). Its type specimen is BGS 48775 and is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Diamond Colliery, Ystradgynlais, which is in a Westphalian B delta plain shale in the United Kingdom.

It was synonymized subjectively with Belinurus trilobitoides by Lamsdell (2022).
Bellinurus grandaevus was named by Jones and Woodward (1899). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is GSC 25646, Sixth cutting east of Riversdale Station, which is in a Westphalian A fluvial-lacustrine shale in the Parrsboro Formation of Canada.

It was recombined as Belinurus grandaevus by Copeland (1957), Lamsdell (2020) and Lamsdell and Clapham (2021); it was synonymized subjectively with Belinurus trilobitoides by Lamsdell (2022).
Belinurus pustulosus was named by Dix and Pringle (1929). Its type specimen is NMW 29.197.G2 and is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Carway Colliery, roof of Stanllyd Seam, which is in a Westphalian B fluvial-lacustrine shale in the United Kingdom.

It was synonymized subjectively with Belinurus trilobitoides by Lamsdell (2022).
Steropis arcuatus was named by Baily (1858). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Bilboa Colliery, which is in a Westphalian A lacustrine shale in the Coolbaun Coal Formation of Ireland.

It was recombined as Bellinurus arcuatus by Baily (1859), Woodward (1872) and Woodward (1918); it was recombined as Belinurus arcuatus by Baily (1863), Woodward (1867) and Dix and Pringle (1929); it was recombined as Koenigiella arcuata by Raymond (1944); it was recombined as Macrobelinurus arcuatus by Lamsdell (2020); it was synonymized subjectively with Belinurus trilobitoides by Lamsdell (2022).
Entomolithus lunatus was named by Martin (1809).

It was recombined as Belinurus lunatus by Prantl and Přibyl (1955); it was recombined as Bellinurus lunatus by Filipiak and Krawczyński (1996); it was recombined as Parabelinurus lunatus by Lamsdell (2020); it was synonymized subjectively with Belinurus trilobitoides by Lamsdell (2022).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1809	Entomolithus lunatus Martin
1837	Limulus trilobitoides Buckland p. 77 fig. 3
1839	Belinurus trilobitoides Bronn p. 489
1840	Limulus trilobitoides Prestwich p. 491 figs. Pl 41, fig 8
1846	Belinurus bellulus Pictet
1858	Steropis arcuatus Baily p. 90
1858	Steropis trilobitoides Baily p. 91
1859	Bellinurus arcuatus Baily p. 13 fig. 4a,b
1859	Bellinurus regina Baily p. 13 fig. 3
1863	Belinurus reginae Baily p. 110 figs. Pl 5, figs 1A-D
1863	Belinurus arcuatus Baily p. 111 figs. Pl 5, figs 2A-C
1867	Belinurus arcuatus Woodward p. 32
1867	Belinurus reginae Woodward p. 32 figs. Pl 1, fig 1
1867	Belinurus trilobitoides Woodward p. 32
1872	Bellinurus trilobitoides Woodward
1872	Belinurus koenigianus Woodward p. 439 figs. Pl 10, fig 8
1872	Bellinurus arcuatus Woodward p. 439
1872	Bellinurus koenigianus Woodward p. 439 figs. Pl 10, fig 8
1872	Bellinurus reginae Woodward p. 439
1899	Bellinurus grandaevus Jones and Woodward p. 388 figs. Pl 15, figs 2,3
1907	Bellinurus baldwini Woodward p. 540 fig. 1
1907	Bellinurus longicaudatus Woodward p. 541 fig. 2
1918	Bellinurus arcuatus Woodward p. 470
1918	Bellinurus baldwini Woodward p. 470
1918	Bellinurus bellulus Woodward p. 470
1918	Bellinurus grandaevus Woodward p. 470
1918	Bellinurus koenigianus Woodward p. 470
1918	Bellinurus longicaudatus Woodward p. 470
1918	Bellinurus reginae Woodward p. 470
1918	Bellinurus trechmanni Woodward p. 470 fig. 5
1929	Belinurus concinnus Dix and Pringle p. 92 fig. 1
1929	Belinurus carwayensis Dix and Pringle p. 93 fig. 2
1929	Belinurus truemani Dix and Pringle p. 94 fig. 3
1929	Belinurus pustulosus Dix and Pringle p. 95 fig. 4
1929	Belinurus bellulus Dix and Pringle p. 97 fig. 5
1929	Belinurus arcuatus Dix and Pringle p. 98 fig. 6
1929	Belinurus koenigianus Dix and Pringle p. 100 fig. 8
1930	Belinurus morgani Dix and Pringle p. 137 fig. 1
1930	Belinurus truemani Dix and Pringle p. 138 fig. 2
1930	Belinurus bellulus Dix and Pringle p. 139 fig. 3
1930	Belinurus konigianus Dix and Pringle p. 141
1930	Belinurus reginae Dix and Pringle p. 141
1944	Koenigiella arcuata Raymond p. 480
1944	Koenigiella koenigiana Raymond p. 480
1944	Koenigiella reginae Raymond p. 480
1955	Belinurus lunatus Prantl and Přibyl p. 385 figs. Pl 1, figs 1,2
1957	Belinurus grandaevus Copeland p. 48 figs. Pl 16, figs 1,3-8
1957	Belinurus reginae Copeland p. 48 figs. Pl 16, figs 2,9,10
1996	Bellinurus lunatus Filipiak and Krawczyński p. 420 figs. 3C-H, 5
2013	Bellinurus baldwini Dunlop et al. p. 10
2013	Bellinurus bellulus Dunlop et al. p. 10
2013	Bellinurus koenigianus Dunlop et al. p. 10
2013	Bellinurus longicaudatus Dunlop et al. p. 10
2013	Bellinurus morgani Dunlop et al. p. 10
2013	Bellinurus reginae Dunlop et al. p. 10
2013	Bellinurus truemani Dunlop et al. p. 10
2016	Bellinurus bellulus Lamsdell p. 184 fig. 1
2016	Bellinurus trilobitoides Lamsdell p. 184 fig. 1
2020	Belinurus bellulus Lamsdell p. 13
2020	Belinurus carwayensis Lamsdell p. 13 fig. 1G
2020	Belinurus concinnus Lamsdell p. 13
2020	Belinurus grandaevus Lamsdell p. 13
2020	Belinurus morgani Lamsdell p. 13 fig. 1J
2020	Belinurus pustulosus Lamsdell p. 13
2020	Belinurus trechmanni Lamsdell p. 14
2020	Belinurus trilobitoides Lamsdell p. 14
2020	Koenigiella reginae Lamsdell p. 14
2020	Koenigiella baldwini Lamsdell p. 15
2020	Koenigiella koenigianus Lamsdell p. 15
2020	Koenigiella longicaudatus Lamsdell p. 15
2020	Koenigiella truemani Lamsdell p. 15
2020	Macrobelinurus arcuatus Lamsdell p. 15
2020	Parabelinurus lunatus Lamsdell p. 15
2021	Belinurus carwayensis Lamsdell and Clapham p. 1353
2021	Belinurus concinnus Lamsdell and Clapham p. 1353
2021	Belinurus grandaevus Lamsdell and Clapham p. 1353
2021	Belinurus morgani Lamsdell and Clapham p. 1353
2021	Belinurus trilobitoides Lamsdell and Clapham p. 1353
2021	Belinurus pustulosus Lamsdell and Clapham p. 1354
2021	Belinurus trechmanni Lamsdell and Clapham p. 1354
2022	Belinurus trilobitoides Lamsdell

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
—	Deuteropoda
subphylum	Chelicerata	Heymons 1901

Rank	Name	Author
—	Euchelicerata	Weygoldt and Paulus 1979
—	Prosomapoda
class	Xiphosura	()
order	Xiphosurida	Latreille 1802
suborder	Belinurina
family	Belinuridae	(Zittel and Eastman 1913)
genus	Belinurus
species	trilobitoides	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Belinurus trilobitoides Buckland 1837

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Invalid names: Belinurus bellulus Pictet 1846 [objective synonym], Belinurus carwayensis Dix and Pringle 1929 [synonym], Belinurus concinnus Dix and Pringle 1929 [synonym], Belinurus koenigianus Woodward 1872 [synonym], Belinurus lunatus Martin 1809 [synonym], Belinurus morgani Dix and Pringle 1930 [synonym], Belinurus pustulosus Dix and Pringle 1929 [synonym], Belinurus reginae Baily 1859 [synonym], Belinurus truemani Dix and Pringle 1929 [synonym], Bellinurus baldwini Woodward 1907 [synonym], Bellinurus grandaevus Jones and Woodward 1899 [synonym], Bellinurus longicaudatus Woodward 1907 [synonym], Bellinurus trechmanni Woodward 1918 [synonym], Steropis arcuatus Baily 1858 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

nektobenthicc

Diet:

carnivorec

Vision:

limitedo

Created:

2010-02-05 01:13:59

Modified:

2010-02-22 02:35:37

Source: o = order, c = class

References: Jell and Adrain 2002, Bambach et al. 2007

Age range: base of the Westphalian A to the top of the Westphalian C or 318.70000 to 309.80000 Ma

Collections (28 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Bashkirian	323.2 - 315.2	Canada (Nova Scotia)	Belinurus grandaevus (216609 216610) Belinurus reginae (216606) Belinurus reginae, Belinurus grandaevus (216608)
Westphalian A	318.7 - 316.9	Ireland (Lenister)	Bellinurus arcuatus (175806)
Westphalian A	318.7 - 316.9	Canada (Nova Scotia)	Bellinurus grandaevus, Belinurus reginae (216571)
Westphalian A	318.7 - 316.9	Czech Republic	Belinurus lunatus (114184)
Westphalian A	318.7 - 316.9	United Kingdom (England)	Bellinurus baldwini, Bellinurus longicaudatus (34905) Bellinurus trilobitoides (124367)
Westphalian A	318.7 - 316.9	United Kingdom (Wales)	Belinurus bellulus (216522)
Westphalian A	318.7 - 316.9	United Kingdom (Lancashire)	Bellinurus trilobitoides (172765)
Westphalian A	318.7 - 316.9	Poland	Bellinurus lunatus (216873)
Westphalian A	318.7 - 316.9	Ireland	Bellinurus regina, Steropis arcuatus (216070)
Westphalian B	316.9 - 314.6	United Kingdom (Staffordshire)	Bellinurus koenigianus (153555)
Westphalian B	316.9 - 314.6	United Kingdom	Belinurus konigianus (172784)
Westphalian B	316.9 - 314.6	United Kingdom (England)	Limulus trilobitoides (type locality: 216648)
Westphalian B	316.9 - 314.6	United Kingdom (Wales)	Belinurus arcuatus (216524) Belinurus bellulus (172781) Belinurus bellulus, Belinurus reginae (172782) Belinurus carwayensis (216519) Belinurus concinnus, Belinurus arcuatus (216518) Belinurus koenigianus (216525) Belinurus morgani (172779) Belinurus pustulosus (216521) Belinurus reginae (172783) Belinurus truemani (172780 216520)
Westphalian C	314.6 - 309.8	United Kingdom (England)	Bellinurus trechmanni (139748)