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Hammatocneminae

Artiopoda - Phacopida - Pliomeridae

Taxonomy
Hammatocnemidae was named by Kielan (1960).

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Pliomeridae by Adrain (2011); it was reranked as the subfamily Hammatocneminae by Zhou and Zhou (2019).

It was assigned to Pliomeridae by Zhou and Zhou (2019).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1960Hammatocnemidae Kielan
2019Hammatocneminae Zhou and Zhou p. 160

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—EcdysozoaAguinaldo et al. 1997
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaGravenhorst 1843
RankNameAuthor
classArtiopodaHou and Bergstrom
classTrilobitaWalch 1771
orderPhacopidaSalter 1864
suborderCheirurinaHarrington and Leanza 1957
familyPliomeridaeRaymond 1913
subfamilyHammatocneminae(Kielan 1960)
subfamilyHammatocneminae(Kielan 1960)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Hammatocneminae Kielan 1960
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G. †Ovalocephalus Koroleva 1959
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†Ovalocephalus eoprimitivus Zhou and Zhou 2008
†Ovalocephalus kelleri Koroleva 1959
Invalid names: Hammatocnemis Kielan 1960 [synonym], Paratzuchiatocnemis Wu and Xia 1990 [synonym], Tzuchiatocnemis Sheng 1974 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitec
Composition 2: chitinc
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 10 to < 100f
Adult width: 10 to < 100f
Ontogeny: molting, addition of partsc
Environment: marinec
Locomotion: fast-movingc
Life habit: low-level epifaunalc
Diet: carnivorec
Vision: well-developedf
Created: 2009-06-11 18:29:43
Modified: 2009-12-16 01:33:48
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Hendy 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Floian to the top of the Pusgillian or 477.10000 to 449.20000 Ma

Collections (91 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Dawan478.8 - 466.6China (Sichuan) Hammatocnemis sp. (7659)
Dawan478.8 - 466.6China (Guizhou) Hammatocnemis sp. (7385)
Floian477.1 - 471.3China (Hunan) Ovalocephalus sp. (226639)
Floian477.1 - 471.3China (Hubei) Ovalocephalus eoprimitivus (221197 221198)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0China (XinJiang) Hammatocnemis sp. (20806)
Arenig477.1 - 468.0China (Hubei) Hammatocnemis sp. (4714 4715)
Arenigian477.1 - 468.0China (Hubei) Ovalocephalus primitivus (116198 116201 116202 116203) Ovalocephalus sp. (116205)
Arenigian477.1 - 468.0China (Hunan) Ovalocephalus sp. (116206 116207 116210 116212 116220)
Dapingian471.3 - 469.4China (Hubei) Ovalocephalus primitivus (116200)
Early/Lower Llanvirn468.0 - 461.1China (Yunnan) Hammatocnemis sp. (5423)
Llanvirn468.0 - 458.2China (Xinjiang) Ovalocephalus kanlingensis (188381)
Llandeilo461.1 - 458.2China (Guizhou) Hammatocnemis sp. (188421)
Costonian - Harnagian458.2 - 457.2China (GanSu) Hammatocnemis sp. (8551)
Harnagian - Longvillian458.2 - 455.0China (Sichuan) Hammatocnemis sp. (7645)
Soudleyan - Longvillian458.2 - 455.0China (Guizhou) Hammatocnemis sp. (5139)
Costonian - Marshbrookian458.2 - 454.0China (GanSu) Hammatocnemis sp. (8548)
Harnagian - Marshbrookian458.2 - 454.0China (Guizhou) Hammatocnemis sp. (7383)
Soudleyan - Marshbrookian458.2 - 454.0China (Sichuan) Hammatocnemis sp. (7256)
Soudleyan - Marshbrookian458.2 - 454.0China (Guizhou) Hammatocnemis sp. (4745)
Soudleyan - Marshbrookian458.2 - 454.0China (Hubei) Hammatocnemis sp. (4691)
Soudleyan - Marshbrookian458.2 - 454.0China (JiangSu) Hammatocnemis sp. (7943)
Harnagian - Actonian458.2 - 453.0China (Sichuan) Hammatocnemis sp. (7656)
Sandbian458.2 - 452.8China (Gansu) Hammatocnemis obsoletus, Hammatocnemis kanlingensis (182201) Ovalocephalus kelleri (182202)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5China (XinJiang) Hammatocnemis sp. (20801 20802)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5China (QingHai) Hammatocnemis sp. (23600)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5China (YunNan) Hammatocnemis sp. (7743)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5China (ZheJiang) Hammatocnemis sp. (7769 7781 7810)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5China (Guizhou) Ovalocephalus yangtzeensis, Ovalocephalus ovatus (182197 182198 182199 182200)
Longvillian457.2 - 455.0China (ShanXi) Hammatocnemis sp. (7885)
Longvillian - Marshbrookian457.2 - 454.0China (Hunan) Hammatocnemis sp. (7689)
Longvillian - Marshbrookian457.2 - 454.0China (ShanXi) Hammatocnemis sp. (7918)
Longvillian - Marshbrookian457.2 - 454.0China (Anhui) Hammatocnemis sp. (7836)
Longvillian - Onnian457.2 - 449.5China (Sichuan) Hammatocnemis sp. (7644 7655)
Marshbrookian455.0 - 454.0China (ShanXi) Hammatocnemis sp. (7883)
Actonian - Onnian454.0 - 449.5China (Hunan) Hammatocnemis sp. (7688 7697)
Actonian - Onnian454.0 - 449.5China (AnHui) Hammatocnemis sp. (7835 7848 7858)
Actonian - Onnian454.0 - 449.5China (Hubei) Hammatocnemis sp. (4690)
Actonian - Onnian454.0 - 449.5China (Sichuan) Hammatocnemis sp. (5338 7255 7667)
Actonian - Onnian454.0 - 449.5China (JiangXi) Hammatocnemis sp. (7749)
Actonian - Onnian454.0 - 449.5China (ShanXi) Hammatocnemis sp. (7882 7917)
Actonian - Onnian454.0 - 449.5China (ZheJiang) Hammatocnemis sp. (7779 7804 7809)
Actonian - Onnian454.0 - 449.5China (Hunan and Hubei) Hammatocnemis sp. (7714)
Actonian - Onnian454.0 - 449.5China (Guizhou) Hammatocnemis sp. (5137)
Actonian - Onnian454.0 - 449.5China (JiangSu) Hammatocnemis sp. (7942) Ovalocephalus sp. (7929)
Actonian - Cautleyan454.0 - 448.8Iran (Gilan) Ovalocephalus tetrasulcatus (232879 232880)
Katian452.8 - 445.2China (Xinjiang) Ovalocephalus kanlingensis (188364) Ovalocephalus kelleri, Ovalocephalus kanlingensis (188385)
Katian452.8 - 445.2China (JiangSu) Ovalocephalus decorosus (192795) Ovalocephalus decorosus, Ovalocephalus ovatus (192793 192794 192796)
Katian452.8 - 445.2China Ovalocephalus sp. (236250)
Kralodvorian450.1 - 445.2Italy (Sardinia) Ovalocephalus tetrasulcatus (75890 192914)
Kralodvorian450.1 - 445.2Spain (Zaragoza) Ovalocephalus sp., Hammatocnemis sp. (21057)
Pusgillian449.5 - 449.2China (Guizhou) Hammatocnemis sp. (4750 7382)
Pusgillian449.5 - 449.2China (Hubei) Hammatocnemis sp. (4689)
Pusgillian - Cautleyan449.5 - 448.8China (JiangSu) Hammatocnemis sp. (7872)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.1China (Hubei) Ovalocephalus decorosus (114989)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.1Spain (Aragon) Ovalocephalus sp. (163399) Ovalocephalus tetrasulcatus (80725 80768)