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Crocodylidae (crocodile)
Taxonomy
Crocodylidae was named by Cuvier (1807). It is extant.
It was corrected as Crocodilidae by d'Orbigny (1849), Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Zittel (1890), Lambe (1908), Perrier (1928), Kuhn (1946), Huene (1954), Persson (1960) and Mook (1962); it was misspelled as Crocodilidae by Bonaparte (1850), Hay (1902), Case (1904), Case (1904), Andrews (1906), Jaekel (1911), Hay (1930), Schmidt (1938), Estes (1964), Kuhn (1966), Estes and Berberian (1970), Holman and Case (1988), Carroll (1988), Willis (1993), Frank and Ramus (1996), Peng et al. (2001), Lang and Guilette (2002), Molnar et al. (2002), Pearson et al. (2002), Brochu (2007), Osi et al. (2007), Laurito and Valerio (2008), Brochu et al. (2009), Riff et al. (2010), Puértolas et al. (2011) and Shirley et al. (2018); it was reranked as the unranked clade Crocodylidae by Rio and Mannion (2021).
It was assigned to Sauria by d'Orbigny (1849); to Emydosaurii by Bonaparte (1850); to Procoelia by Cope (1871) and Cope (1875); to Brevirostres by Zittel (1890); to Crocodili by Jaekel (1911); to Eusuchia by Perrier (1928); to Crocodyliformes by Hay (1930); to Crocodilia by Persson (1960); to Eusuchia by Molnar et al. (2002); to Crocodylia by Frank and Ramus (1996), Peng et al. (2001), Lang and Guilette (2002) and Pearson et al. (2002); to Eusuchia by Hay (1902), Case (1904), Case (1904), Andrews (1906), Lambe (1908), Schmidt (1938), Kuhn (1946), Huene (1954), Mook (1962), Estes (1964), Kuhn (1966), Estes and Berberian (1970), Holman and Case (1988), Carroll (1988), Willis (1993) and Laurito and Valerio (2008); to Crocodyloidea by Brochu et al. (2009); to Crocodiliformes by Riff et al. (2010); to Crocodylia by Brochu (2007), Osi et al. (2007) and Shirley et al. (2018); and to Crocodyloidea by Puértolas et al. (2011) and Rio and Mannion (2021).
It was corrected as Crocodilidae by d'Orbigny (1849), Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Zittel (1890), Lambe (1908), Perrier (1928), Kuhn (1946), Huene (1954), Persson (1960) and Mook (1962); it was misspelled as Crocodilidae by Bonaparte (1850), Hay (1902), Case (1904), Case (1904), Andrews (1906), Jaekel (1911), Hay (1930), Schmidt (1938), Estes (1964), Kuhn (1966), Estes and Berberian (1970), Holman and Case (1988), Carroll (1988), Willis (1993), Frank and Ramus (1996), Peng et al. (2001), Lang and Guilette (2002), Molnar et al. (2002), Pearson et al. (2002), Brochu (2007), Osi et al. (2007), Laurito and Valerio (2008), Brochu et al. (2009), Riff et al. (2010), Puértolas et al. (2011) and Shirley et al. (2018); it was reranked as the unranked clade Crocodylidae by Rio and Mannion (2021).
It was assigned to Sauria by d'Orbigny (1849); to Emydosaurii by Bonaparte (1850); to Procoelia by Cope (1871) and Cope (1875); to Brevirostres by Zittel (1890); to Crocodili by Jaekel (1911); to Eusuchia by Perrier (1928); to Crocodyliformes by Hay (1930); to Crocodilia by Persson (1960); to Eusuchia by Molnar et al. (2002); to Crocodylia by Frank and Ramus (1996), Peng et al. (2001), Lang and Guilette (2002) and Pearson et al. (2002); to Eusuchia by Hay (1902), Case (1904), Case (1904), Andrews (1906), Lambe (1908), Schmidt (1938), Kuhn (1946), Huene (1954), Mook (1962), Estes (1964), Kuhn (1966), Estes and Berberian (1970), Holman and Case (1988), Carroll (1988), Willis (1993) and Laurito and Valerio (2008); to Crocodyloidea by Brochu et al. (2009); to Crocodiliformes by Riff et al. (2010); to Crocodylia by Brochu (2007), Osi et al. (2007) and Shirley et al. (2018); and to Crocodyloidea by Puértolas et al. (2011) and Rio and Mannion (2021).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1807 | Crocodylidae Cuvier |
| 1849 | Crocodilidae d'Orbigny p. 205 |
| 1850 | Crocodilidae Bonaparte p. 1 |
| 1871 | Crocodilidae Cope p. 235 |
| 1875 | Crocodilidae Cope p. 14 |
| 1890 | Leptorramphus Ambrosetti |
| 1890 | Oxysdonsaurus Ambrosetti |
| 1890 | Oxysdonsaurus striatus Ambrosetti |
| 1890 | Crocodilidae Zittel p. 681 |
| 1902 | Crocodylidae Hay p. 511 |
| 1904 | Crocodilidae Case p. 64 |
| 1906 | Crocodilidae Andrews p. 261 |
| 1908 | Crocodilidae Lambe |
| 1911 | Crocodilidae Jaekel p. 164 |
| 1925 | Allognathosuchidae Case p. 97 |
| 1928 | Crocodilidae Perrier pp. 3089, 3110 |
| 1930 | Crocodylidae Hay p. 150 |
| 1936 | Leptorramphus Patterson |
| 1938 | Crocodylidae Schmidt p. 318 |
| 1946 | Crocodilidae Kuhn p. 64 |
| 1954 | Crocodilidae Huene p. 55 |
| 1960 | Crocodilidae Persson p. 470 |
| 1962 | Crocodilidae Mook p. 5 |
| 1964 | Crocodylidae Estes p. 141 |
| 1966 | Crocodylidae Kuhn p. 87 |
| 1970 | Crocodylidae Estes and Berberian p. 6 |
| 1988 | Crocodylidae Carroll |
| 1988 | Crocodylidae Holman and Case p. 331 |
| 1993 | Crocodylidae Willis p. 90 |
| 1996 | Crocodylidae Frank and Ramus |
| 2001 | Crocodylidae Peng et al. p. 32 |
| 2002 | Crocodylidae Lang and Guilette p. 213 |
| 2002 | Crocodylidae Molnar et al. p. 613 |
| 2002 | Crocodylidae Pearson et al. p. 154 |
| 2007 | Crocodylidae Brochu p. 840 |
| 2007 | Crocodylidae Osi et al. |
| 2008 | Crocodylidae Laurito and Valerio p. 109 |
| 2009 | Crocodylidae Brochu et al. p. 538 |
| 2010 | Crocodylidae Riff et al. |
| 2011 | Crocodylidae Puértolas et al. |
| 2018 | Crocodylidae Shirley et al. |
| 2021 | Crocodylidae Rio and Mannion |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Crocodylidae Cuvier 1807 [crocodile]
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G. †Charactosuchus Langston 1965
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†Charactosuchus fieldsi Langston 1965
†Charactosuchus kugleri von Berg 1969
†Charactosuchus sansoai Souza Filho 1991
Unr. Crocodylinae Cuvier 1807
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G. Crocodylus Laurenti 1768 [crocodile]
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Subg. †Crocodilus (Ichthyosuchus) Cope 1872
†Crocodilus antiquus Leidy 1852
†Crocodilus biporcatus Cuvier 1807
†Crocodilus moreletii barnumbrowni Mook 1959
†Crocodilus ziphodon Marsh 1871
Subg. †Crocodylus (Leptorhynchus) Cautley and Falconer 1840
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†Crocodylus (Leptorhynchus) crassidens Cautley and Falconer 1840
†Crocodylus (Leptorhynchus) gangeticus Cautley and Falconer 1840
Crocodylus acutus Cuvier 1807 [American crocodile]
Crocodylus americanus Laurenti 1768 [American crocodile]
†Crocodylus anthropophagus Brochu et al. 2010
†Crocodylus aptus Leidy 1869
†Crocodylus chamensis Cope 1874
†Crocodylus checchiai Maccagno 1947
†Crocodylus elliotti Leidy 1871
†Crocodylus falconensis Scheyer et al. 2013
†Crocodylus gariepensis Pickford 2003
†Crocodylus gaudense Hulke 1871
†Crocodylus grypus Cope 1875
Crocodylus halli Murray et al. 2019 [Halls New Guinea Crocodile]
†Crocodylus heterodon Cope 1873
Crocodylus intermedius Graves 1819
Crocodylus johnstoni Krefft 1873 [Freshwater crocodile]
Crocodylus mindorensis Schmidt 1935
Crocodylus moreletii Dumeril and Bibron 1851 [Morelet's crocodile]
Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti 1768 [Nile crocodile]
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Invalid names: Crocodylus madagascariensis Grandidier 1872 [synonym]
Crocodylus novaeguineae Schmidt 1928
†Crocodylus palaeindicus Falconer and Walker 1859
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Invalid names: Crocodylus sivalensis Lydekker 1886 [synonym]
Crocodylus palustris Lesson 1831 [mugger crocodile]
†Crocodylus parvus Osborn et al. 1878
†Crocodylus polyodon Cope 1873
Crocodylus porosus Schneider 1801 [saltwater crocodile]
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Invalid names: Crocodylus nathani Longman 1924 [synonym]
Crocodylus raninus Ross 1990
Crocodylus rhombifer Cuvier 1807 [Cuban crocodile]
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Invalid names: Crocodylus antillensis Varona 1966 [synonym], Crocodylus pristinus Leidy 1868 [synonym]
Crocodylus siamensis Schneider 1801 [Siamese crocodile]
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Invalid names: Crocodylus ossifragus Dubois 1908 [synonym]
†Crocodylus solaris Marsh 1877
†Crocodylus stavelianus Cope 1885
†Crocodylus subulatus Cope 1872
Crocodylus suchus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1807 [West African crocodile]
†Crocodylus sulciferus Cope 1872
†Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni Brochu and Storrs 2012
†Crocodylus wheelerii Cope 1875
Invalid names: Crocodylus acer Cope 1882 [nomen dubium], Crocodylus affinis Marsh 1871 [nomen dubium], Crocodylus bambolii Ristori 1890 [nomen dubium], Crocodylus caralitanus Capellini 1890 [nomen oblitum], Crocodylus niloticus kaisensis Swinton 1926 [nomen dubium], Crocodylus ziphodon Marsh 1871 [nomen nudum], Limnosaurus Marsh 1872 [nomen nudum]
G. Mecistops Gray 1844
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Crocodylus cataphractus congicus Fuchs et al. 1971
Mecistops cataphractus Cuvier 1825
Mecistops leptorhynchus Bennett 1835
†Mecistops nkondoensis Pickford 1994
G. †Tadzhikosuchus Efimov 1982
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†Tadzhikosuchus macrodentis Efimov 1982
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Invalid names: Tadzhikosuchus kizylkumensis Nesov et al. 1989 [synonym], Tadzhikosuchus neutralis Efimov 1988 [synonym]
Invalid names: Leidyosuchinae Nopcsa 1928 [synonym]
Unr. Osteolaeminae
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Unr. †Euthecodontini Cossette et al. 2020
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G. †Brochuchus Conrad et al. 2013
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†Brochuchus parvidens Cossette et al. 2020
†Brochuchus pigotti Tchernov and Van Couvering 1978
G. †Euthecodon Fortau 1920
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†Euthecodon arambourgii Ginsburg and Buffetaut 1978
†Euthecodon brumpti Joleaud 1920
†Euthecodon nitriae Fortau 1920
G. †Kinyang Brochu et al. 2022
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†Kinyang mabokoensis Brochu et al. 2022
†Kinyang tchernovi Brochu et al. 2022
Unr. Osteolaemini Cossette et al. 2020
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G. Osteolaemus Cope 1860
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Osteolaemus osborni Schmidt 1919 [Congo dwarf crocodile]
Osteolaemus tetraspes Cope 1861
Invalid names: Allognathosuchidae Case 1925 [synonym], Euthecodontinae Ginsburg and Buffetaut 1978 [empty], Leptorramphus Ambrosetti 1890 [nomen dubium], Oxysdonsaurus Ambrosetti 1890 [nomen dubium], Oxysdonsaurus striatus Ambrosetti 1890 [nomen dubium], Thoracosaurinae Cope 1871 [empty]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| E. C. Case 1925 (Allognathosuchidae) | This family would be defined by the shape of the jaw and the grouping of the teeth, described under the genus, and the presence of low, blunt teeth adapted to a durophagous diet. | |
| E. Perrier 1928 | Museau arrondi au bout, sans protubérance nasale; armure dorsale comportant plus de deux séries de plaques; armure ventrale réduite ou absente; vertèbres procèles; narines internes sur les ptérygoïdes. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Benton 1983, Bush and Bambach 2015 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Kimmeridgian to the top of the Holocene or 155.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 145.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 145.0 Ma
Collections (431 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian | USA (Colorado) | Crocodylidae indet. (45975) | |
| Valanginian | USA (Utah) | Crocodylidae indet. (27025) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (New Mexico) | Crocodylidae indet. (52360) | |
| Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | Uzbekistan (Navoi) | Tadzhikosuchus kizylkumensis, Zhyrasuchus angustifrons (75943) | |
| Early/Lower Santonian | Tajikistan (Sogd) | Tadzhikosuchus macrodentis (58701) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian - Middle Campanian | USA (Missouri) | Crocodilidae indet. (45679) | |
| Campanian | New Zealand (South Island) | Crocodilus sp. (101382) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Russian Federation (Penza) | Thoracosaurinae indet. (92329) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden | Aigialosuchus villandensis (102883) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (New Mexico) | Crocodylidae indet. (222090) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Crocodylidae indet. (55352) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Crocodylia indet. (165881) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Crocodylidae indet. (14502) | |
| Lancian | USA (Wyoming) | Crocodylidae indet. (14505 14557 14577 14598 14609) | |
| Lancian | USA (Montana) | Crocodylidae indet. (14508 14512 14513 14515 14525 14533 14535 14547 14560 14580 14582 14613 14614 14615 14639 14653 14654) | |
| Lancian | USA (Colorado) | Crocodylidae indet. (14640) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Crocodylidae indet. (57919) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (New Mexico) | Crocodylidae indet. (59068 171032) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Crocodylidae indet. (54105) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Paleocene | Canada (Alberta) | Crocodylidae indet. (46093) | |