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Thecostraca

Thecostraca

Taxonomy
Thecostraca was named by Gruvel (1905). It is extant.

It was reranked as the class Thecostraca by Chan et al. (2021).

It was assigned to Maxillopoda by Martin and Davis (2001); to Hexanauplia by Oakley et al. (2013) and Lozano-Fernandez et al. (2019); and to Crustacea by Chan et al. (2021).

Subtaxa
Ascothoracida, Ascothoracida, Cirripedia, Facetotecta
Sister taxa
Ascothoracida, Cirripedia, Facetotecta

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1905Thecostraca Gruvel
2001Thecostraca Martin and Davis p. 58
2013Thecostraca Oakley et al.
2019Thecostraca Lozano-Fernandez et al.
2021Thecostraca Chan et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Ecdysozoa
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
RankNameAuthor
—Deuteropoda
—Mandibulata
—PancrustaceaZrzavý and Štys 1997
subphylumCrustaceaBrünnich 1772
classThecostraca(Gruvel 1905)
classThecostraca(Gruvel 1905)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cl. Thecostraca Gruvel 1905
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Subcl. Ascothoracida Lacaze-Duthiers 1880
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Or. Dendrogastrida Grygier 1987
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Fm. Ascothoracidae Grygier 1987
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G. Cardiosaccus Kolbasov and Petrunnina 2019
Fm. Ctenosculidae Thiele 1925
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G. Ctenosculum Heath 1910
G. Endaster Grygier 1985
G. Gongylophysema Grygier 1987
Fm. Dendrogastridae Gruvel 1905
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G. Bifurgaster Stone and Moyse 1985
G. Dendrogaster Knipowitsch 1891
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Dendrogaster astericola Knipowitsch 1891
G. Myriocladus Okada 1925
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G. Ulophysema Brattstrom 1936
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Ulophysema oresundense Brattstrom 1936
G. †Endosacculus Voigt 1959
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Invalid names: Endosacculus Voigt 1959 [objective synonym]
Or. Laurida Grygier 1987
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Fm. Lauridae Gruvel 1905
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G. Baccalaureus Broch 1929
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G. Gorgonolaureus Utinomi 1962
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G. Laura Lacaze-Duthiers 1866
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Laura gerardiae Lacaze-Duthiers 1866
G. Polymarsypus Grygier 1985
G. Zoanthoecus Grygier 1985
Fm. Petrarcidae Guvel 1905
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G. Introcornia Gryger 1983
G. Petrarca Fowler 1889
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G. Zibrowia Grygier 1985
Fm. Synagogidae Gruvel 1905
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G. Ascothorax Djakanov 1914
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Ascothorax ophioctenis Djakanov 1914
G. Cardomanica Lowry 1985
G. Flatsia Grygier 1991
G. Isidascus Moyse 1983
G. Parasothorax Wagin 1964
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G. Sessilogoga Grygier 1990
G. Synagoga Norman 1887
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Synagoga mira Norman 1887
G. Thalassomembracis Grygier 1984
G. Waginella Grygier 1983
Subcl. Cirripedia Rafinesque 1816 [barnacle]
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Infracl. Acrothoracica Gruvel 1905
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Or. Cryptophialida Kolbasov et al. 2009
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Fm. Cryptophialidae Gerstaecker 1866
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G. Australophialus Tomlinson 1969
G. Cryptophialus Darwin 1854
Or. Lithoglyptida Kolbasov et al. 2009
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Fm. Lithoglyptidae Aurivillius 1892
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Subfm. Berndtiinae Utinomi 1950
Subfm. Kochlorininae Gruvel 1905
Subfm. Lithoglyptinae Aurivillius 1892
Fm. Trypetesidae Stebbing 1910
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G. Tomlinsonia Turquier 1985
G. Trypetesa Norman 1903
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Invalid names: Alcippe Hancock 1849 [replaced], Alcippoides Strand 1928 [replaced]
Invalid names: Apygophora Berndt 1907 [synonym], Pygophora Berndt 1907 [synonym]
Fm. †Zapfellidae Saint-Seine 1954
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G. †Brachyzapfes Codez and de Saint-Seine 1958
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†Brachyzapfes elliptica Codez 1957
G. †Simonizapfes Codez and de Saint-Seine 1958
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†Simonizapfes elongata Codez 1957
G. †Zapfella Saint-Seine 1956
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†Zapfella patei Saint-Seine 1954
Invalid names: Rodgerellidae Codez and Saint-Seine 1958 [empty]
G. †Bassettina Hodges 1995
G. †Chitobalanus de Gregorio 1930
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†Chitobalanus minusculus de Gregorio 1930
G. †Corobalanus de Gregorio 1930
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†Corobalanus problematicus de Gregorio 1930
Fm. †Ctenaenigmatidae Novojilov 1955
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G. †Ctenaenigma Novojilov 1955
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†Ctenaenigma tuvaense Novojilov 1955
G. Ilba
Infracl. Rhizocephala Müller 1862
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Fm. Chthamalophilidae Bocquet-Vedrine 1961
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G. Bocquetia Pawlik 1987
G. Boschmaella Bocquet-Vedrine 1957
G. Chthamalophilus Bocquet-Vedrine 1957
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Chthamalophilus delagei Bocquet-Vedrine 1957
Fm. Clistosaccidae Lilljeborg 1861
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G. Clistosaccus Lilljeborg 1861
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Clistosaccus paguri Lilljeborg 1861
G. Sylon Kroeyer 1855
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Sylon hippolytes Sars 1870
Fm. Duplorbidae Høeg and Rybakov 1992
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G. Duplorbis Smith 1906
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Fm. Mycetomorphidae Høeg and Rybakov 1992
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G. Mycetomorpha Potts 1912
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Fm. Parthenopeidae Rybakov and Høeg 2013
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G. Parthenopea Kossman 1874
Fm. Peltogasterellidae Høeg and Glenner 2019
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G. Angulosaccus Reinhard 1944
G. Boschmaia Reinhard 1958
G. Cyphosaccus Reinhard 1958
G. Peltogasterella Krüger 1912
Fm. Peltogastridae Lilleborg 1861
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G. Briarosaccus Boschma 1930
G. Dipterosaccus van Kampen and Boschma 1925
G. Galatheascus Boschma 1929
G. Lernaeodiscus Mueller 1862
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G. Ommatogaster Yoshida and Osawa 2011
G. Paratriangulus Høeg and Glenner 2019
G. Peltogaster Rathke 1843
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Peltogaster paguri Lilljeborg 1862
G. Pterogaster Van Baal 1937
G. Septodiscus Van Baal 1937
G. Septosaccus Duboscq 1912
G. Temnascus Boschma 1951
G. Tortugaster Reinhard 1948
G. Trachelosaccus Boschma 1928
G. †Triangulopsis Döring 1961
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†Triangulopsis discoidalis Döring 1961
†Triangulopsis plicatus Singh and Kumar 1969
†Triangulopsis varians Singh and Kumar 1969
Fm. Pirusaccidae Høeg and Glenner 2019
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G. Pirusaccus Lützen 1985
Fm. Polyascidae Høeg and Glenner 2019
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G. Parasacculina Høeg and Glenner 2019
G. Polyascus Glenner et al. 2003
Fm. Polysaccidae Lützen and Takahashi 1996
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G. Polysaccus Høeg and Lützen 1993
Fm. Sacculinidae Lilleborg 1861
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G. Drepanorchis Boschma 1927
G. Heterosaccus Smith 1906
G. Loxothylacus Boschma 1928
G. Ptychascus Boschma 1933
G. Sacculina Thompson 1836
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Sacculina carcini Boschma 1955
G. Sesarmaxenos Annandale 1911
Fm. Thompsoniidae Høeg and Rybakov 1992
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G. Diplothylacus Høeg and Lützen 1993
G. Jensia Boyko and Williams 2015
G. Thompsonia Kossmann 1873
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Thompsonia globosa Kossmann 1873
G. Thylacoplethus Coutière 1902
Fm. Triangulidae Høeg and Glenner 2019
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G. Triangulus Smith 1906
Invalid names: Akentrogonida Hafele 1911 [invalid subgroup], Kentrogonida Delage 1884 [invalid subgroup]
Infracl. Thoracica Darwin 1854
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Or. Lepadiformes Buckeridge and Newman 2006
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Invalid names: Heteralepadomorpha Newman 1987 [empty]
Superor. Phosphatothoracica Gale 2019
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Or. †Eolepadomorpha Chan et al. 2021
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Fm. †Eolepadidae Buckeridge 1983
Fm. †Praelepadidae Chernyshev 1930
Or. Iblomorpha Buckeridge and Newman 2006
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Fm. Iblidae Leach 1825
Fm. Idioiblidae Buckeridge and Newman 2006
Superor. Thoracicalcarea Gale 2016
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Or. †Archaeolepadomorpha Chan et al. 2021
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Fm. †Archaeolepadidae Gale 2019
Fm. †Myolepadidae Gale 2015
Fm. †Stramentidae Withers 1920
Or. Balanomorpha Pilsbry 1916
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Superfm. Balanoidea Leach 1817
Fm. †Brachylepadidae Woodward 1901
Superfm. Chthamaloidea Darwin 1854
Superfm. Coronuloidea Leach 1817
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Invalid names: Tetraclitoidea Gruvel 1903 [synonym]
Superfm. Elminoidea Foster 1982
Infraor. Neobalanomorpha Gale 2014
Superfm. †Pachydiadematoidea Chan et al. 2021
Unr. Calamida Gale 2019
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Subor. Lepadomorpha Gruvel 1905
Or. Calanticomorpha Chan et al. 2021
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Fm. Calanticidae Zevina 1978
Fm. †Cretiscalpellidae Buckeridge 1983
G. †Pachyscalpellum Buckeridge 1991
Fm. †Titanolepadidae Gale 2015
Or. Pollicipomorpha Chan et al. 2021
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Fm. Lithotryidae Gruvel 1905
Fm. Pollicipedidae Gruvel 1905
Fm. †Zeugmatolepadidae Newman 2004
Or. Scalpellomorpha Newman 1987
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Superfm. Lepadoidea Darwin 1852
Superfm. Neolepadoidea Yamaguchi et al. 2004
Superfm. Scalpelloidea Pilsbry 1907
Unr. Sessilia Lamarck 1818
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Invalid names: Brachylepadomorpha Withers 1923 [invalid subgroup]
Or. Verrucomorpha Pilsbry 1916
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Fm. †Eoverrucidae Gale 2020
Fm. †Pycnolepadidae Gale and Vidovic 2023
Fm. Verrucidae Darwin 1854
Invalid names: Unilatera Gale 2019 [empty]
Invalid names: Pedunculata Lamarck 1818 [empty], Scalpelliformes Buckeridge and Newman 2006 [empty]
Subcl. Facetotecta Grygier 1985
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G. Hansenocaris Ito 1985
Invalid names: Ascothoracida Lacaze-Duthiers 1880 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Created: 2004-02-29 09:38:49
Modified: 2004-02-29 11:38:49
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Darriwilian to the top of the Holocene or 467.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 458.4 Ma

Collections (1233 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Darriwilian467.3 - 458.4United Kingdom (Wales) Cirripedia indet. (230215)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4United Kingdom Rhamphoverritor reduncus (68060)
Wenlock - Ludlow433.4 - 423.0USA (Tennessee) Cirripedia indet. (26817)
Ludfordian - Pridoli425.6 - 419.2USA (Oklahoma) Cirripedia indet. (26824)
Lochkovian - Pragian419.2 - 407.6Russian Federation Ctenaenigma sp. (26990)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Russian Federation (Siberia) Ctenaenigma tuvaense (60392 60393)
Brigantian336.0 - 330.9USA (Alabama) Cirripedia indet. (6754 6755 6759)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0USA (Illinois) Praelepas damrowi (132078)
Kasimovian307.0 - 303.7USA (Kansas) Trypetesa lampas (159905)
Missourian306.0 - 303.7USA (Texas) Trypetesa caveata (159900 159901 159902)
Missourian306.0 - 303.7USA (Ohio) Trypetesa caveata (159903 159904)
Gzhelian303.7 - 298.9USA (Kansas) Trypetesa caveata (159906 159907) Trypetesa lampas (159908)
Asselian298.9 - 295.5USA (Texas) Trypetesa caveata (159909)
Roadian272.3 - 268.8USA (Texas) Acrothoracica indet. (43553)
Wordian266.9 - 264.28Italy Chitobalanus minusculus, Corobalanus problematicus (233340)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Slovakia Cirripedia indet. (44913)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian189.6 - 183.0Canada (British Columbia) Balanus sp. (53089)
Late/Upper Jurassic161.5 - 145.0China (Xizang) Cirripedia indet. (61421)
Late/Upper Jurassic161.5 - 145.0India (Madhya Pradesh) Triangulopsis plicatus (226734) Triangulopsis varians, Triangulopsis discoidalis (224685)
Late/Upper Jurassic - Early/Lower Cretaceous161.5 - 100.5India (Madhya Pradesh) Triangulopsis discoidalis (224642)