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Bos bison (American bison)

Mammalia - Bovidae

Taxonomy
Bos bison was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant.

It was recombined as Bison bison by Hay (1902), McClung (1905), Thomas (1911), Kurten and Anderson (1980), McDonald (1981), Hassanin and Douzery (1999), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data
B. buiaensis, B. elatus

Synonyms
  • Bos americanus was named by Gmelin (1788) [also attributed to Catesby 1754]. It is extant.

    It was recombined as Bison americanus by Smith (1827), Knight (1849), Leidy (1852), Allen (1876), Allen (1877); it was synonymized subjectively with Bison bison by Lucas (1899), Hay (1902), Skinner and Kaisen (1947), McDonald (1981).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Bos bison Linnaeus
1788Bos americanus Gmelin
1827Bison americanus Smith
1849Bison americanus Knight
1852Bison americanus Leidy
1876Bison americanus Allen
1877Bison americanus Allen p. 445
1902Bison bison Hay p. 689
1905Bison bison McClung p. 159
1911Bison bison Thomas p. 154
1980Bison bison Kurten and Anderson p. 337
1981Bison bison McDonald
1999Bison bison Hassanin and Douzery p. 899
2008Bison bison Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 980 figs. Fig. 5
2015Bos bison Hassanin p. 6

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
—Pecora()
superfamilyBovoidea
familyBovidae
subfamilyBovinae(Gray 1821)
tribeBoviniGray 1821
genusBos
speciesbison

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Bos bison Linnaeus 1758 [American bison]
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Invalid names: Bos americanus Gmelin 1788 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmean

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparousf
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-09-22 12:01:17
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Pleistocene to the top of the Holocene or 0.12900 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (18 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Canada (Alberta) Bison bison (190079)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Canada (British Columbia) Bison bison (108795)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Bison bison (77596 96899)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (Texas) Bison bison (225289)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Oklahoma) Bison bison (216271)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Bison bison (107875)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Montana) Bison bison (162124 162128 162129)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Minnesota) Bison bison (146403)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Kansas) Bison bison (83069 83072 83073)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Bison sp. (93181)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Montana) Bison bison (162133)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Ontario) Bison bison (221863)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Northwest Territories) Bison bison (73725)