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Epicyon haydeni

Osteichthyes - Carnivora - Canidae

Taxonomy
Canis (Epicyon) haydeni was named by Leidy (1858) [type of subgenus Epicyon]. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Niobrara River (coll. Hayden 1857), which is in a Barstovian/Clarendonian terrestrial horizon in the Loup Fork Formation of Nebraska.

It was recombined as Canis haydeni by Leidy (1873); it was recombined as Aelurodon haydeni by Scott and Osborn (1890), Matthew (1899), Hay (1902), Matthew and Gidley (1904), Matthew and Stirton (1930), VanderHoof and Gregory (1940), McGrew (1944), Bennett (1979) and Becker (1980); it was recombined as Epicyon haydeni by Baskin (1980), Voorhies (1990), Baskin (1998), Becker and McDonald (1998), Wang et al. (1999), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006), Wang et al. (2008).

Subspecies
Aelurodon haydeni validus
Entered
by J. Alroy on 2003-01-23; modified by J. Marcot on 2025-06-26

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1858Canis (Epicyon) haydeni Leidy p. 21
1873Canis haydeni Leidy p. 230
1890Aelurodon haydeni Scott and Osborn p. 66
1899Aelurodon haydeni Matthew
1902Aelurodon haydeni Hay p. 774
1904Aelurodon haydeni Matthew and Gidley p. 250
1914Tephrocyon mortifer Cook
1919Aelurodon aphobus Merriam
1930Aelurodon haydeni Matthew and Stirton
1933Osteoborus ricardoensis Stirton and VanderHoof p. 178
1933Osteoborus validus Stirton and Vanderhoof
1940Aelurodon haydeni VanderHoof and Gregory
1944Aelurodon haydeni McGrew
1957Aelurodon mortifer Kitts
1964Aelurodon mortifer Kitts
1977Aelurodon mortifer Skinner et al.
1977Aelurodon validus Skinner et al.
1979Aelurodon haydeni Bennett
1979Aelurodon validus Bennett
1979Aelurodon ricardoensis Richey
1979Aelurodon validus Richey
1980Epicyon aphobus Baskin
1980Epicyon haydeni Baskin
1980Epicyon mortifer Baskin
1980Epicyon validus Baskin
1980Aelurodon haydeni Becker
1989Epicyon validus Munthe
1990Epicyon haydeni Voorhies
1992Epicyon aphobus Whistler and Burbank
1998Epicyon haydeni Baskin
1998Epicyon haydeni Becker and McDonald
1998Epicyon validus Munthe
1999Epicyon haydeni Wang et al. p. 252
2006Epicyon haydeni Hulbert and Whitmore p. 5
2008Epicyon haydeni Wang et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
—Pancarnivora
—CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
—CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
familyCanidae
subfamilyBorophaginae
tribeBorophaginiSimpson 1945
subtribeBorophagina
genusEpicyon()
specieshaydeni()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Epicyon haydeni Leidy 1858
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†Aelurodon haydeni validus Matthew and Cook 1909
Invalid names: Aelurodon aphobus Merriam 1919 [synonym], Osteoborus ricardoensis Stirton and VanderHoof 1933 [synonym], Osteoborus validus Stirton and Vanderhoof 1933 [synonym], Tephrocyon mortifer Cook 1914 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. A. Stirton and V. L. VanderHoof 1933 (Osteoborus ricardoensis)Largest species of Osteoborus; Pp1 present with a single root; p2 and p3 with two roots, relatively high central cusps and faint accessory cusps; p4 with posterior border truncated obliquely along a highly upturned cingulum and with a small second (cingulum) posterior accessory cusp; tooth row relatively straight as in O. pugnator, but ramus much thicker below premolar series.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: carnivoref
Diet 2: omnivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-22 19:28:06
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Barstovian to the top of the Tortonian or 16.30000 to 7.24600 Ma

Collections (69 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (New Mexico) Epicyon haydeni (19535)
Barstovian - Clarendonian16.3 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Canis haydeni (190543)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Arizona) Epicyon haydeni (19315 19429 19436 19483 19543)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Oklahoma) Epicyon sp. (18130)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (California) Aelurodon haydeni (19391) Epicyon aphobus (19322 19517)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Oregon) Aelurodon sp. (18816 18826)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Texas) Epicyon haydeni (18355)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Aelurodon mortifer (18017 18299) Epicyon haydeni (18135 18142 18214 18218 18222 18227 18277 18430 18447 18468 18496 188779)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) Epicyon haydeni (18588)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (California) Osteoborus ricardoensis (188947)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Epicyon haydeni (18327)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Oregon) Aelurodon sp. (19036)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) Aelurodon haydeni (18554)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.7USA (Nebraska) Epicyon haydeni (18236 18295) Epicyon validus (18326)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246USA (California) Epicyon haydeni (19466)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333USA (New Mexico) Aelurodon haydeni (19424)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333USA (Montana) Epicyon haydeni (19009)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Florida) Epicyon haydeni (18514 18527) Osteoborus validus (18560 18563)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Idaho) Epicyon haydeni (19085)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Colorado) Epicyon validus (18495)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Nebraska) Aelurodon validus (18033) Epicyon haydeni (18323) Epicyon validus (18086 18225)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Alabama) Borophaginae indet. (18559)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (New Mexico) Aelurodon haydeni (19288) Epicyon haydeni (19348)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Kansas) Epicyon haydeni (18111 18365 18444 18497) Epicyon validus (18055 18415)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Texas) Epicyon haydeni (18308) Epicyon validus (18072 18198 18211)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Arizona) Aelurodon validus (18933)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Oklahoma) Epicyon haydeni (18169 18364) Epicyon validus (18034)
Late/Upper Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Florida) Epicyon haydeni (18532)
early Early Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Texas) Borophaginae indet. (19538)
early Early Hemphillian - late Early Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Florida) Epicyon haydeni (18539)