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Arctodus
Taxonomy
Arctodus was named by Leidy (1854).
It was assigned to Carnivora by Leidy (1860); to Tremarctinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Trajano and Ferrarezzi (1995), Schubert and Kaufmann (2003); to Arctotheriini by Jiangzuo and Flynn (2020); and to Ursidae by Leidy (1854), Hay (1902), Schultz and Howard (1935), Carroll (1988), Albright et al. (2019), Eshelman et al. (2025).
It was assigned to Carnivora by Leidy (1860); to Tremarctinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Trajano and Ferrarezzi (1995), Schubert and Kaufmann (2003); to Arctotheriini by Jiangzuo and Flynn (2020); and to Ursidae by Leidy (1854), Hay (1902), Schultz and Howard (1935), Carroll (1988), Albright et al. (2019), Eshelman et al. (2025).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1854 | Arctodus Leidy p. 90 |
| 1860 | Arctodus Leidy p. 115 |
| 1902 | Arctodus Hay p. 763 |
| 1916 | Dinarctotherium Barbour p. 249 |
| 1926 | Tremarctotherium Kraglievich |
| 1935 | Arctodus Schultz and Howard p. 282 |
| 1955 | Tremarctotherium Hibbard p. 51 |
| 1980 | Arctodus Kurten and Anderson p. 180 |
| 1988 | Arctodus Carroll |
| 1995 | Arctodus Trajano and Ferrarezzi p. 559 |
| 2003 | Arctodus Schubert and Kaufmann p. 104 |
| 2019 | Arctodus Albright et al. p. 175 |
| 2020 | Arctodus Jiangzuo and Flynn |
| 2025 | Arctodus Eshelman et al. p. 126 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Arctodus Leidy 1854
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†Arctodus simus Cope 1879 [giant short-faced bear]
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Invalid names: Arctotherium californicum Merriam 1911 [synonym], Arctotherium yukonense Lambe 1911 [synonym], Dinarctotherium merriami Barbour 1916 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dinarctotherium Barbour 1916 [synonym], Tremarctotherium Kraglievich 1926 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002 | |||||
Age range: base of the Gelasian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 2.58000 to 0.01170 Ma
Collections (69 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blancan | USA (California) | A. simus (20120) | |
| Blancan | USA (Florida) | A. pristinus (19746 19754) | |
| Blancan | USA (New Mexico) | Carnivora indet. (19970) | |
| Blancan - Irvingtonian | USA (Arizona) | A. sp. (19652) | |
| Gelasian | USA (Florida) | A. pristinus (19758 20384) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | A. pristinus (77590) | |
| Pleistocene | Canada (Yukon) | Arctotherium yukonense (93370) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | A. simus (103359) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Alabama) | A. simus (86852) | |
| Pleistocene | Mexico (Jalisco) | A. pristinus (20285) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (California) | Arctotherium sp. (74480) | |
| Calabrian | USA (Virginia) | A. pristinus (104698) | |
| Irvingtonian | Mexico (Aguascalientes) | A. simus (20283) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (California) | A. simus (20206) A. sp. (20161 20319 20327) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Nebraska) | A. simus (20347) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Maryland) | A. haplodon, A. pristinus (20302) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | A. pristinus (20145 20289 20299 20350 20400 20401 20403 20415 20475 20494 20524) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Kansas) | A. pristinus (20537) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Pennsylvania) | A. haplodon, Ursus haplodon (20479) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Texas) | A. simus (20498) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Montana) | A. simus (20310) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | A. pristinus (79921) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (Saskatchewan) | A. simus (20590) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (California) | Arctotherium simum (155393) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Wyoming) | A. simus (93181) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | A. sp. (20273) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Idaho) | A. simus (20569) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | A. simus (103358 104758 105549) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Ohio) | A. simus (93334) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Kansas) | Tremarctotherium simum (37788) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (New Mexico) | A. simus (76060) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | Mexico (San Luis Potosi) | A. sp. (71277) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (Texas) | A. simus (93103) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Canada (British Columbia) | A. simus (189001) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (New Mexico) | A. sp. (93281) Tremarctotherium sp. (93141) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Utah) | A. simus (74478 74479) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | A. sp. (154773) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (Alaska) | A. simus (93341) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Kansas) | A. simus (20605) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Texas) | A. simus (230753) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Missouri) | A. simus (63588) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | Arctotherium sp. (93251) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Nevada) | A. simus (93278 93279) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Wyoming) | A. simus (93277) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Indiana) | A. simus (93371) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (South Dakota) | A. simus (93333) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | A. pristinus (79922 79923) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Mississippi) | A. simus (93347) |