PBDB Taxon

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Neoceratopsia

Osteichthyes

Taxonomy

Neoceratopsia was named by Sereno (1986). It was considered monophyletic by Sereno (2000), Ryan et al. (2023).

It was corrected as Neoceratopia by Olshevsky and Ford (1994).

It was assigned to Ceratopia by Olshevsky and Ford (1994); to Ceratopsia by Sereno (1986), Dodson and Currie (1990), Dodson (1990), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Penkalski and Dodson (1999), Makovicky (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Lambert et al. (2001), You and Dodson (2004), Campione and Holmes (2006), Chinnery and Horner (2007), Butler et al. (2007); and to Ceratopsia by Dodson (1997), Sereno (2000), Butler et al. (2008), Tanoue et al. (2009), Han et al. (2012), Zheng et al. (2015), Ryan et al. (2017), Dalman et al. (2018), Morschhauser et al. (2019), Arbour and Evans (2019), Wilson et al. (2020), Ryan et al. (2023), Tanaka et al. (2024).

Subtaxa

Aquilops, Archaeoceratops, Archaeoceratopsidae, Asiaceratops, Auroraceratops, Beg, Ceratopsomorpha, Chaoyangsauridae, Coronosauria, Graciliceratops, Leptoceratopsidae, Liaoceratops, Mosaiceratops, Protoceratopoidea, Sasayamagnomus, Yamaceratops

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1986	Neoceratopsia Sereno
1990	Neoceratopsia Dodson p. 578
1990	Neoceratopsia Dodson and Currie p. 611
1994	Neoceratopia Olshevsky and Ford
1997	Neoceratopsia Dodson p. 473–474
1997	Neoceratopsia Sereno p. 443
1998	Neoceratopsia Sereno p. 62
1999	Neoceratopsia Penkalski and Dodson
1999	Neoceratopsia Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2000	Neoceratopsia Sereno p. 482
2001	Neoceratopsia Lambert et al. p. 7
2001	Neoceratopsia Makovicky p. 254 fig. 18.3
2001	Neoceratopsia Peng et al. p. 35
2004	Neoceratopsia You and Dodson p. 479
2006	Neoceratopsia Campione and Holmes p. 1014
2007	Neoceratopsia Butler et al. p. S19 fig. S2
2007	Neoceratopsia Chinnery and Horner p. 638 fig. 6
2008	Neoceratopsia Butler et al. p. 22
2009	Neoceratopsia Tanoue et al. p. 426
2012	Neoceratopsia Han et al. p. 1391 fig. 14
2015	Neoceratopsia Zheng et al. p. 6 fig. 3
2017	Neoceratopsia Ryan et al.
2018	Neoceratopsia Dalman et al.
2019	Neoceratopsia Arbour and Evans
2019	Neoceratopsia Morschhauser et al. p. 129 fig. 10
2020	Neoceratopsia Wilson et al.
2023	Neoceratopsia Ryan et al.
2024	Neoceratopsia Tanaka et al. p. 5

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Ornithischia	()
—	Genasauria
—	Cerapoda
—	Marginocephalia
—	Ceratopsia	()
infraorder	Neoceratopsia
infraorder	Neoceratopsia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Infraor. †Neoceratopsia Sereno 1986

show all | hide all

G. †Aquilops Farke et al. 2014

†Aquilops americanus Farke et al. 2014

G. †Archaeoceratops Dong and Azuma 1997

†Archaeoceratops oshimai Dong and Azuma 1997

†Archaeoceratops yujingziensis You et al. 2010

G. †Asiaceratops Nessov et al. 1989

†Asiaceratops salsopaludalis Nessov et al. 1989

G. †Auroraceratops You et al. 2005

†Auroraceratops rugosus You et al. 2005

G. †Beg Yu et al. 2020

†Beg tse Yu et al. 2020

Fm. †Chaoyangsauridae Zhao 1983

G. †Chaoyangsaurus Zhao et al. 1999

†Chaoyangsaurus youngi Zhao et al. 1999

Invalid names: Chaoyangosaurus liaosiensis Zhao and Cheng 1983 [replaced]

Invalid names: Chaoyangosaurus Zhao and Cheng 1983 [replaced]

G. †Hualianceratops Han et al. 2015

†Hualianceratops wucaiwanensis Han et al. 2015

G. †Stenopelix Meyer 1857

†Stenopelix valdensis Meyer 1857

G. †Xuanhuaceratops Zhao et al. 2006

†Xuanhuaceratops niei Zhao et al. 2006

G. †Yinlong Xu et al. 2006

†Yinlong downsi Xu et al. 2006

Invalid names: Xuanhuasaurus niei Zhao 1985 [nomen dubium]

Unr. †Coronosauria Sereno 1986

Superfm. †Ceratopsoidea Hay 1902

G. †Ajkaceratops Osi et al. 2010

†Ajkaceratops kozmai Osi et al. 2010

G. †Turanoceratops Nessov et al. 1989

†Turanoceratops tardabilis Nessov et al. 1989

G. †Zuniceratops Wolfe and Kirkland 1998

†Zuniceratops christopheri Wolfe and Kirkland 1998

Fm. †Protoceratopsidae Granger and Gregory 1923

G. †Bagaceratops Maryanska and Osmólska 1975

†Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi Maryanska and Osmólska 1975

Invalid names: Gobiceratops minutus Alifanov 2008 [synonym], Lamaceratops tereschenkoi Alifanov 2003 [synonym], Magnirostris dodsoni You and Dong 2003 [synonym], Platyceratops tatarinovi Alifanov 2003 [synonym]

Invalid names: Gobiceratops Alifanov 2008 [synonym], Lamaceratops Alifanov 2003 [synonym], Magnirostris You and Dong 2003 [synonym], Platyceratops Alifanov 2003 [synonym]

G. †Breviceratops Kurzanov 1990

†Breviceratops kozlowskii Maryanska and Osmólska 1975

G. †Protoceratops Granger and Gregory 1923

†Protoceratops andrewsi Granger and Gregory 1923

Invalid names: Bainoceratops efremovi Tereshchenko and Alifanov 2003 [synonym]

†Protoceratops hellenikorhinus Lambert et al. 2001

Invalid names: Bainoceratops Tereshchenko and Alifanov 2003 [synonym]

Invalid names: Asiaceratopsinae Nessov et al. 1989 [empty]

Invalid names: Bagaceratopsidae Alifanov 2003 [empty]

G. †Graciliceratops Sereno 2000

†Graciliceratops mongoliensis Sereno 2000

Fm. †Leptoceratopsidae Nopcsa 1923 [leptoceratopsid]

G. †Cerasinops Chinnery and Horner 2007

†Cerasinops hodgskissi Chinnery and Horner 2007

G. †Ferrisaurus Arbour and Evans 2019

†Ferrisaurus sustutensis Arbour and Evans 2019

G. †Gremlin Ryan et al. 2023

†Gremlin slobodorum Ryan et al. 2023

G. †Gryphoceratops Ryan et al. 2012

†Gryphoceratops morrisoni Ryan et al. 2012

G. †Helioceratops Jin et al. 2009

†Helioceratops brachygnathus Jin et al. 2009

G. †Ischioceratops He et al. 2015

†Ischioceratops zhuchengensis He et al. 2015

G. †Koreaceratops Lee et al. 2010

†Koreaceratops hwaseongensis Lee et al. 2010

G. †Leptoceratops Brown 1914

†Leptoceratops gracilis Brown 1914

G. †Montanoceratops Sternberg 1951

†Montanoceratops cerorhynchus Brown and Schlaikjer 1942

G. †Prenoceratops Chinnery 2004

†Prenoceratops pieganensis Chinnery 2004

G. †Udanoceratops Kurzanov 1992

†Udanoceratops tschizhovi Kurzanov 1992

G. †Unescoceratops Ryan et al. 2012

†Unescoceratops koppelhusae Ryan et al. 2012

G. †Zhuchengceratops Xu et al. 2010

†Zhuchengceratops inexpectus Xu et al. 2010

G. †Liaoceratops Xu et al. 2002

†Liaoceratops yanzigouensis Xu et al. 2002

G. †Mosaiceratops Zheng et al. 2015

†Mosaiceratops azumai Zheng et al. 2015

G. †Sasayamagnomus Tanaka et al. 2024

†Sasayamagnomus saegusai Tanaka et al. 2024

G. †Yamaceratops Makovicky and Norell 2006

†Yamaceratops dorngobiensis Makovicky and Norell 2006

Invalid names: Archaeoceratopsidae Dong and Azuma 1997 [empty], Ceratopsomorpha Wolfe and Kirkland 1998 [empty], Protoceratopoidea Tereshchenko 2007 [empty]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
P. Dodson 1997	Some of these include increase in the size of the head relative to the body, development of sharp points at the tips of the upper and lower beaks, increased prominence of the parietosquamosal frill, development of a forward slope at the back of the skull as the quadrate bone slants forward, fusion of the first four vertebrae of the back for support of the enlarged head, and gentle downward curvature of the ischium.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Maximum body mass:

1000 kgg

Minimum body mass:

3 kgg

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

gregariouso

Environment:

terrestrialsubo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingsubo

Diet:

herbivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2005-09-15 11:08:09

Modified:

2005-09-15 13:08:09

Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order

References: Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995, Kiessling 2004, Norman and Weishampel 1991

Age range: base of the Oxfordian to the top of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian or 161.50000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (132 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oxfordian	161.5 - 154.8	China (Xinjiang)	Hualianceratops wucaiwanensis (175359) Yinlong downsi (72107)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Valanginian	152.21 - 132.6	China (Hebei)	Xuanhuaceratops niei (91320)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Valanginian	152.21 - 132.6	China (Liaoning)	Chaoyangosaurus liaosiensis (10755)
Early/Lower Cretaceous	143.1 - 100.5	China (Nei Mongol)	Protoceratops sp. (221935)
Late/Upper Berriasian	139.1 - 137.05	Germany (Niedersachsen)	Stenopelix valdensis (69694)
Hauterivian - Barremian	132.6 - 121.4	Japan (Fukuoka)	Neoceratopsia indet. (155619)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian	125.77 - 119.57	China (Liaoning)	Liaoceratops yanzigouensis (53493 55685)
Aptian	121.4 - 113.2	China (Gansu)	Archaeoceratops yujingziensis (97754)
Aptian - Albian	121.4 - 100.5	China (Jilin)	Neoceratopsia indet. (72321)
Aptian - Albian	121.4 - 100.5	China (Liaoning)	Neoceratopsia indet. (36971)
Aptian - Albian	121.4 - 100.5	China (Gansu)	Protoceratops sp. (79605)
Late/Upper Aptian	119.57 - 113.2	USA (Maryland)	Neoceratopsia indet. (14376)
Late/Upper Aptian - Albian	119.57 - 100.5	USA (Nevada)	Neoceratopsia indet. (167383)
Early/Lower Albian	113.2 - 110.1	China (Gansu)	Archaeoceratops oshimai (45166 45169) Auroraceratops rugosus (93191) Auroraceratops sp. (204659)
Early/Lower Albian	113.2 - 110.1	Japan (Hyogo)	Sasayamagnomus saegusai (141507)
Albian	113.2 - 100.5	South Korea (Gyeonggi-do)	Koreaceratops hwaseongensis (103988)
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian	110.1 - 100.5	USA (Montana)	Aquilops americanus (164673)
Late/Upper Albian - Cenomanian	106.3 - 93.9	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Beg tse (214294)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian	106.3 - 93.9	USA (Idaho)	Neoceratopsia indet. (96835)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Uzbekistan (Karakalpakistan)	Protoceratopsidae indet., Asiaceratops sp. (64098)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Asiaceratops salsopaludalis (64682 64683 64684) Protoceratopsidae indet. (64685)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Utah)	Neoceratopsia indet. (14395 14396)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan)	Asiaceratops salsopaludalis (58490 64689 64690)
Cenomanian - Santonian	100.5 - 83.6	Mongolia (Dornogov)	Protoceratopsidae indet. (108345)
Cenomanian - Santonian	100.5 - 83.6	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Microceratops gobiensis (13411)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Protoceratops sp. (226776)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	Mongolia (Dornogov)	Protoceratops sp. (55253)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (New Mexico)	Zuniceratops christopheri (52033 52358 52359)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Turanoceratops tardabilis (58158 58161 58165 58167 58168 58175)
Early/Lower Turonian - Middle Campanian	93.9 - 72.2	China (Henan)	Mosaiceratops azumai (173373)
Early/Lower Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Tajikistan (Sogd)	Ceratopsia indet. (58701)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Canada (Alberta)	Gryphoceratops morrisoni (125521)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Hungary (Veszprém)	Ajkaceratops kozmai (48722)
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	USA (Utah)	Neoceratopsia indet. (49620)
Late/Upper Santonian - Late/Upper Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Protoceratops andrewsi (167657)
Santonian - Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	Mongolia (Dornogov)	Yamaceratops dorngobiensis (80183)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omnogov Aimag)	Bagaceratops sp. (117932)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	China (Shandong)	Zhuchengceratops inexpectus, Ischioceratops zhuchengensis (91473)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Ömnögovi Aimag)	Protoceratops sp. (130798)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Protoceratops andrewsi (62927) Protoceratops sp. (59360 129749 168808 168986 168987)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	China (Nei Mongol)	Bagaceratops sp. (68379) Magnirostris dodsoni (94372) Protoceratops hellenikorhinus (37806 38829 38830 38831 38832) Protoceratops sp. (205652) Protoceratopsidae indet. (68378)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Sweden (Skåne)	Leptoceratopsidae indet. (74334 74335)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (North Carolina)	Leptoceratopsidae indet. (179206)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Montana)	Gremlin slobodorum, Neoceratopsia indet. (69931)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Bagaceratops sp. (37184) Bagaceratops sp., Protoceratops andrewsi, Protoceratops sp. (53229) Protoceratops andrewsi (22685 37009 37013 37016) Protoceratops sp. (55256 163255) Protoceratops sp., Protoceratops andrewsi (46152 127668) Protoceratopsidae indet., Bagaceratops sp., Protoceratops andrewsi (118259) Protoceratopsidae indet., Protoceratops sp., Protoceratops andrewsi, Bagaceratops sp. (127678) Udanoceratops tschizhovi (65344)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omnogov Aimak)	Protoceratopsidae indet. (68517)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	Prenoceratops sp. (52991)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	Gremlin slobodorum (241747) Protoceratopsidae indet. (60173)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Montana)	Cerasinops hodgskissi (100851)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omngov)	Protoceratops sp. (100261)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Dornogov)	Udanoceratops tschizhovi (65338)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Montana)	Ceratopsia indet. (53999) Leptoceratops sp. (54000)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi (204919) Bagaceratops sp. (130803) Bagaceratops sp., Protoceratops andrewsi (154402) Gobiceratops minutus, Breviceratops kozlowskii, Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi (11582) Lamaceratops tereschenkoi (118256) Protoceratops sp. (181414 181417 181418) Protoceratops sp., Dinosauria indet. (37022) Protoceratopsidae indet. (169261 189007) Protoceratopsidae indet., Bagaceratops sp. (58105) Protoceratopsidae indet., Protoceratops sp. (13776 13777 28243)
Campanian - Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	China (Nei Mongol)	Protoceratops andrewsi (50729)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	Ceratopsia indet. (51965)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	Ceratopsia indet. (55266) Montanoceratops cerorhynchus (55267)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	Ceratopsia indet. (64628) Leptoceratops gracilis (64353) Leptoceratops sp. (14569) Montanoceratops sp. (64791)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (South Dakota)	Leptoceratops sp. (224484)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Montana)	Leptoceratops gracilis (73947 73948)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Wyoming)	Leptoceratops gracilis (34747) Leptoceratops sp. (53824)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Russian Federation (Chukot)	Neoceratopsia indet. (86529)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Canada (British Columbia)	Cerapoda indet. (84008)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Dinosauria indet. (37010) Protoceratopsidae indet. (37020 55258) Protoceratopsidae indet., Bagaceratops sp. (168983)