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Glossotherium
Taxonomy
Glossotherium was named by Owen (1840) [type species not designated in 1840, but the name was tied by Owen 1840 to the type specimen of Mylodon robustus by Owen 1842]. It is not extant.
It was assigned to Megatheriidae by Lydekker (1894); to Megalonychidae by Oliver Schneider (1926); to Mylodontidae by Owen (1840), Rovereto (1914), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Carroll (1988), MacFadden et al. (1993), Salles et al. (2006), McDonald and Naples (2007); to Mylodontini by Boscaini et al. (2019); and to Mylodontinae by Hoffstetter (1954), Gaudin (1995), Varela et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Megatheriidae by Lydekker (1894); to Megalonychidae by Oliver Schneider (1926); to Mylodontidae by Owen (1840), Rovereto (1914), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Carroll (1988), MacFadden et al. (1993), Salles et al. (2006), McDonald and Naples (2007); to Mylodontini by Boscaini et al. (2019); and to Mylodontinae by Hoffstetter (1954), Gaudin (1995), Varela et al. (2019).
Species
Eumylodon bonaerensis, Eumylodon incertus, G. chapadmalense, G. domesticum, G. emmersoni, G. garbanii, G. giganteum (syn. Chlamydotherium gigas), G. phoenesis, G. robustum (syn. Mylodon gracilis, Pseudolestodon morenoii, Pseudolestodon myloides, Pseudolestodon lettsomi, G. lettsomi), G. tropicorum, G. wegneri, Pseudolestodon injunctus, Pseudolestodon tarijensis
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1840 | Glossotherium Owen |
| 1880 | Pseudolestodon Gervais and Ameghino |
| 1885 | Pseudolestodon Ameghino p. 121 |
| 1894 | Glossotherium Lydekker p. 84 |
| 1902 | Pseudolestodon Ameghino |
| 1904 | Eumylodon Ameghino p. 136 |
| 1914 | Eumylodon Rovereto p. 205 |
| 1914 | Glossotherium Rovereto p. 205 |
| 1926 | Glossotherium Oliver Schneider p. 146 |
| 1954 | Glossotherium Hoffstetter |
| 1974 | Glossotherium (Pseudolestodon) Parodi Bustos |
| 1980 | Glossotherium Kurten and Anderson p. 143 |
| 1988 | Glossotherium Carroll |
| 1993 | Glossotherium MacFadden et al. p. 235 |
| 1995 | Glossotherium Gaudin |
| 2006 | Glossotherium Salles et al. p. 7 |
| 2007 | Glossotherium McDonald and Naples p. 155 |
| 2019 | Glossotherium Boscaini et al. |
| 2019 | Glossotherium Varela et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Glossotherium Owen 1840
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†Glossotherium chapadmalense Kraglievich 1925
†Glossotherium domesticum Roth 1900
†Glossotherium emmersoni Esteban 1988
†Glossotherium garbanii Montellano and Carranza-Castaneda 1981
†Glossotherium phoenesis Cartelle et al. 2019
†Glossotherium robustum Owen 1842
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Invalid names: Glossotherium lettsomi Cabrera 1936 [synonym], Mylodon gracilis Burmeister 1865 [synonym], Pseudolestodon lettsomi Gervais and Ameghino 1880 [synonym], Pseudolestodon morenoii Gervais and Ameghino 1880 [synonym], Pseudolestodon myloides Gervais 1855 [synonym]
†Glossotherium tropicorum Hoffstetter 1952
†Glossotherium wegneri Spillmann 1931
Invalid names: Eumylodon Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Pseudolestodon Gervais and Ameghino 1880 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Body mass estimates
| estimate | equation | reference |
|---|---|---|
| 932.1 kg | Mammalia femur diameter | Gingerich 1990 |
| 542.5 kg | Mammalia humerus diameter | Gingerich 1990 |
| 1.34 tons | Mammalia tibia diameter | Gingerich 1990 |
| mean: 877.7 kg | ||
Measurements
| part | N | mean | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| femur diameter | 1 | 61.0 | |||||
| humerus diameter | 1 | 55.3 | |||||
| radius diameter | 1 | 56.5 | |||||
| tibia diameter | 1 | 69.0 |
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Pliocene to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 5.33300 to 0.01170 Ma
Collections (91 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Miocene - Pliocene | Argentina (Jujuy) | G. sp. (216676) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Guanajuato) | G. sp. (18738) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | Uruguay (Soriano) | G. sp. (204261) | |
| Blancan | USA (Texas) | G. chapadmalense (20023) | |
| Blancan | Mexico (Guanajuato) | G. sp. (20077 70113 70117) | |
| Blancan | USA (Arizona) | Glyptotherium chapadmalense (19658) | |
| Blancan | USA (New Mexico) | G. chapadmalense (19973) | |
| Blancan | USA (Florida) | G. chapadmalense (19745 19752 19753 19754 19755) Paramylodon garbanii (113275) | |
| Chapadmalalan | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | G. chapadmalense (197964 198825 198850) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | G. sp. (199157) | |
| Gelasian | USA (Florida) | G. chapadmalense (19758) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Bolivia (Tarija ) | Pseudolestodon tarijensis (70673) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Bolivia (La Paz) | G. sp. (70652) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Bolivia | Mylodon robustus (142016) | |
| Pleistocene (interglacial) | Ecuador (Tungurahua) | G. wegneri (133642) | |
| Pleistocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | G. robustum (212469 232453 232457) G. sp. (61305) | |
| Pleistocene | Brazil (Pernambuco) | G. sp. (71275) | |
| Pleistocene | Paraguay | G. robustum (71292) G. sp. (191113) | |
| Pleistocene | Brazil (Ceará) | G. sp. (230756) | |
| Pleistocene (interglacial) | Ecuador (Chimborazo) | G. wegneri (133643 133644 133645) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Texas) | Mylodon robustus (207456) | |
| Pleistocene | Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul) | G. sp. (230757) | |
| Pleistocene (glacial) | Brazil (Minas Gerais) | G. giganteum (140474) | |
| Pleistocene (interglacial) | Ecuador (Cotopaxi) | G. wegneri (133641) | |
| Pleistocene | Brazil (Paraiba) | G. sp. (71298 71299) | |
| Pleistocene (interglacial) | Ecuador (Pichincha) | G. wegneri (133633 133634 133635 133636 133637 133638 133639 133640) | |
| Pleistocene (interglacial) | Ecuador (Carchi) | G. wegneri (133632) | |
| Pleistocene | Brazil (Ceara) | G. sp. (71302 236300) | |
| Pleistocene | Ecuador (Chimborazo) | G. sp. (231073) | |
| Pleistocene | Peru (Arequipa) | G. sp. (145507) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul) | G. sp. (92814) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | G. sp. (63335) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Brazil (Rio Grand do Sul) | G. robustum (223843) | |
| Lujanian | Peru (Piura) | G. robustum (145500) G. sp. (145502) | |
| Lujanian | Argentina (Catamarca) | G. robustum, G. emmersoni (140929) | |
| Lujanian | Argentina (Entre Ríos) | G. robustum (203955 203957) G. sp. (203958) | |
| Lujanian | Argentina (Corrientes) | G. robustum (211638) | |
| Lujanian | Uruguay | G. robustum (71274) G. sp. (211644 212684) | |
| Lujanian | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | G. myloides, G. robustum (71303) G. robustum (142142 212835) G. sp. (71279 71287 198875) | |
| Lujanian (interglacial) | Uruguay (Salto) | G. robustum (140159) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Ecuador | Glossotherium indet. (190069) G. sp., G. tropicorum (190067) G. tropicorum (190064) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Florida) | G. sp. (20636) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | Brazil (Bahia) | G. phoenesis (136498) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | G. robustum (88836) G. sp. (71316) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Argentina | G. robustum (213470 213489) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | G. robustum (124715 147598 148419 149143) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | Brazil (Mato Grosso) | G. sp. (136521) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Venezuela (Falcon) | G. sp. (71283) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Ecuador (Santa Elena) | G. tropicorum (133630) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Peru | G. sp. (71346) |