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Palmoxylon

Angiospermae - Arecaceae

Taxonomy
Palmoxylon was named by Schenk (1882). It is not extant. It is considered to be a form taxon.

It was assigned to Palmae by Kräusel (1939), Andrews (1970), Lakhanpal et al. (1976); and to Arecaceae by Schenk (1882), Knowlton (1919), Srivastava (1991), Ottone (2007), Estrada-Ruiz and Cevallos-Ferriz (2009), Güngör et al. (2019), Stiles et al. (2020), Vera et al. (2024).

Species
P. ambabgholiense, P. anchorus, P. arcotense, P. arviensis, P. barbatum, P. blanfordi, P. cellulosum, P. chhindwarense, P. cliffwoodensis, P. cordatum, P. coromandelensis, P. coronatum, P. cribriforme, P. dakshinense, P. deccanense, P. dilacunosum, P. edwardsii, P. enochii, P. eocenum, P. feistmantelii, P. fibrosum, P. garridoi, P. ghughuensis, P. hislopii, P. hyphaeneoides, P. indicum, P. intertrappeansis, P. intertrappeum, P. invaginatum, P. jammuense, P. kachchhensis, P. kamalam, P. keriense, P. khalsa, P. kondhaliensis, P. kraeuselii, P. krishna, P. lacunata, P. lacunosum, P. leibigianum, P. lelei, P. livistonoides, P. mahabalei, P. maheshwarii, P. mahurzari, P. mandlaensis, P. mathurii, P. mohgaoensis, P. mohgaonensis, P. mulatiensis, P. narayanae, P. nawargaonsis, P. pantii, P. parapaniensis, P. parthasarathyi, P. patagonicum, P. penchense, P. pichaihuensis, P. pondicherriense, P. prismaticum, P. puratanum, P. pyriforme, P. quenstedti, P. rambhakheriense, P. raoi, P. rewahense, P. rionegrense, P. sagari, P. santarosense, P. sclerodermum, P. scottii, P. seriatum, P. shahpuraensis, P. siltherensis, P. solidum, P. splendidum, P. stromeri, P. sundaram, P. superbum, P. surangei, P. takliense, P. trabeculosum, P. umariensis, P. valchetense, P. wadiae
Species lacking formal opinion data
P. bacillare, P. cheyennense, P. hislopi, P. phytelephantoides, P. quenstedi, P. sundaram

Synonyms
  • Palmoxylon mohgaonensis was named by Trivedi and Surange (1970). It is not extant. Its type locality is Mohgaon Kalan, which is in a Paleogene lagoonal/restricted shallow subtidal horizon in the Deccan Intertrappean Formation of India.

    It was considered a nomen nudum by Lakhanpal et al. (1976).
  • Palmoxylon ambabgholiense was named by Gayakward and Patil (1987). It is not extant. Its type locality is Multai, which is in a Paleogene fluvial horizon in the Deccan Intertrappean Formation of India.

    It was considered a nomen nudum by Srivastava (1991).
  • Palmoxylon hyphaeneoides was named by Rao and Shete (1986). It is not extant. Its type locality is Nawargaon, which is in a Paleogene fluvial-lacustrine horizon in the Deccan Intertrappean Formation of India.

    It was considered a nomen nudum by Srivastava (1991).
  • Palmoxylon intertrappeansis was named by Patil and Gayakwad (1985). It is not extant. Its type locality is Rambhakhedi, which is in a Paleogene fluvial horizon in the Deccan Intertrappean Formation of India.

    It was considered a nomen nudum by Srivastava (1991).
  • Palmoxylon lacunata was named by Gayakwad and Patil (1986). It is not extant. Its type locality is Rambhakhedi, which is in a Paleogene fluvial horizon in the Deccan Intertrappean Formation of India.

    It was considered a nomen nudum by Srivastava (1991).
  • Palmoxylon lelei was named by Sampath and Varadpande (1982). It is not extant. Its type locality is Mohgaon Kalan, which is in a Paleogene lagoonal/restricted shallow subtidal horizon in the Deccan Intertrappean Formation of India.

    It was considered a nomen nudum by Srivastava (1991).
  • Palmoxylon mahurzari was named by Barlinge and Paradkar (1975). It is not extant. Its type locality is Mahurzari, which is in a Paleogene lagoonal/restricted shallow subtidal horizon in the Deccan Intertrappean Formation of India.

    It was considered a nomen nudum by Srivastava (1991).
  • Palmoxylon mulatiensis was named by Gayakwad and Patil (1986). It is not extant. Its type locality is Rambhakhedi, which is in a Paleogene fluvial horizon in the Deccan Intertrappean Formation of India.

    It was considered a nomen nudum by Srivastava (1991).
  • Palmoxylon rambhakheriense was named by Patil and Gayakwad (1985). It is not extant. Its type locality is Rambhakhedi, which is in a Paleogene fluvial horizon in the Deccan Intertrappean Formation of India.

    It was considered a nomen nudum by Srivastava (1991).
  • Palmoxylon takliense was named by Kapgate and Sheikh (1982). It is not extant. Its type locality is Takli, Nagpur, which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Takli Formation of India.

    It was considered a nomen nudum by Srivastava (1991).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1882Palmoxylon Schenk
1919Palmoxylon Knowlton
1939Palmoxylon Kräusel
1970Palmoxylon Andrews
1970Palmoxylon mohgaonensis Trivedi and Surange
1975Palmoxylon mahurzari Barlinge and Paradkar
1976Palmoxylon Lakhanpal et al.
1982Palmoxylon takliense Kapgate and Sheikh
1982Palmoxylon lelei Sampath and Varadpande
1985Palmoxylon intertrappeansis Patil and Gayakwad
1985Palmoxylon rambhakheriense Patil and Gayakwad
1986Palmoxylon lacunata Gayakwad and Patil
1986Palmoxylon mulatiensis Gayakwad and Patil
1986Palmoxylon hyphaeneoides Rao and Shete
1987Palmoxylon ambabgholiense Gayakward and Patil
1991Palmoxylon Srivastava
2007Palmoxylon Ottone p. 720
2009Palmoxylon Estrada-Ruiz and Cevallos-Ferriz p. 579
2019Palmoxylon Güngör et al.
2020Palmoxylon Stiles et al.
2024Palmoxylon Vera et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
—Mesangiosperms
RankNameAuthor
—Monocots
familyArecaceaevon Berchtold and Presl 1820
genusPalmoxylonSchenk 1882

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Palmoxylon Schenk 1882
show all | hide all
†Palmoxylon anchorus Stevens 1912
†Palmoxylon arcotense Ramanujam 1953
†Palmoxylon arviensis Ambwani 1981
†Palmoxylon barbatum Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon blanfordi Schenk 1882
†Palmoxylon cellulosum Knowlton 1888
†Palmoxylon chhindwarense Prakash 1960
†Palmoxylon cordatum Trivedi and Surange 1969
†Palmoxylon coromandelensis Mahabale and Rao 1973
†Palmoxylon coronatum Sahni 1980
†Palmoxylon cribriforme Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon dakshinense Prakash 1960
†Palmoxylon deccanense Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon dilacunosum Ambwani 1984
†Palmoxylon edwardsii Sahni 1931
†Palmoxylon enochii Estrada-Ruiz and Cevallos-Ferriz 2009
†Palmoxylon eocenum Prakash 1962
†Palmoxylon feistmantelii Rao and Achuthan 1969
†Palmoxylon fibrosum Menon 1965
†Palmoxylon garridoi Martínez 2012
†Palmoxylon ghughuensis Ambwani and Prakash 1983
†Palmoxylon hislopii Rode 1933
†Palmoxylon indicum Sahni 1931
†Palmoxylon jammuense Sahni 1931
†Palmoxylon kachchhensis Guleria 1983
†Palmoxylon kamalam Rode 1933
†Palmoxylon keriense Trivedi and Verma 1971
†Palmoxylon khalsa Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon kondhaliensis Mahabale and Kulkarni 1981
†Palmoxylon kraeuselii Rao and Menon 1966
†Palmoxylon krishna Sahni 1931
†Palmoxylon leibigianum Schenk 1882
†Palmoxylon livistonoides Prakash and Ambwani 1980
†Palmoxylon mahabalei Rao and Menon 1967
†Palmoxylon maheshwarii Rao and Menon 1964
†Palmoxylon mandlaensis Lakhanpal et al. 1979
†Palmoxylon mathurii Sahni 1931
†Palmoxylon narayanae Rao and Menon 1962
†Palmoxylon nawargaonsis Shukla 1941
†Palmoxylon pantii Trivedi and Surange 1971
†Palmoxylon parapaniensis Lakhanpal et al. 1979
†Palmoxylon parthasarathyi Rao and Menon 1964
†Palmoxylon patagonicum Romero 1968
†Palmoxylon penchense Trivedi and Verma 1974
†Palmoxylon pichaihuensis Ottone 2007
†Palmoxylon prismaticum Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon puratanum Ramanujam 1958
†Palmoxylon pyriforme Sahni 1940
†Palmoxylon quenstedti Felix 1883
†Palmoxylon raoi Menon 1968
†Palmoxylon rewahense Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon rionegrense Ancibor 1995
†Palmoxylon sagari Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon santarosense Ancibor 1995
†Palmoxylon scottii Dayal and Menon 1965
†Palmoxylon seriatum Sahni 1964
†Palmoxylon shahpuraensis Ambwani 1983
†Palmoxylon siltherensis Ambwani 1984
†Palmoxylon solidum Rode 1934
†Palmoxylon splendidum Trivedi and Chandra 1971
†Palmoxylon stromeri Kräusel 1924
†Palmoxylon sundaram Sahni 1931
†Palmoxylon superbum Trivedi and Verma 1971
†Palmoxylon surangei Lakhanpal 1956
†Palmoxylon umariensis Rode 1935
†Palmoxylon valchetense Ancibor 1995
†Palmoxylon wadiae Sahni 1931
Invalid names: Palmoxylon ambabgholiense Gayakward and Patil 1987 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon hyphaeneoides Rao and Shete 1986 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon intertrappeansis Patil and Gayakwad 1985 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon lacunata Gayakwad and Patil 1986 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon lacunosum Unger 1845 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon lelei Sampath and Varadpande 1982 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon mahurzari Barlinge and Paradkar 1975 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon mohgaonensis Trivedi and Surange 1970 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon mulatiensis Gayakwad and Patil 1986 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon rambhakheriense Patil and Gayakwad 1985 [nomen nudum], Palmoxylon takliense Kapgate and Sheikh 1982 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
E. I. Vera et al. 2024The fossil genus Palmoxylon Schenk 1882 was proposed to encompass atactostelic stems with typical palm anatomy. Although we use it here in the original sense (following the concept of form-genus), it is worth mentioning that Palmoxylon should be regarded as a paraphyletic fossil genus that may include taxa with affinities to different subfamilies or tribes of palms. Nevertheless, a revision of the genus is far outside the scope of this manuscript, and thus we use it, indicating in each reported taxon if affinities with more inclusive clades were found.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Campanian to the top of the Pliocene or 83.60000 to 2.58000 Ma

Collections (51 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cretaceous - Paleogene143.1 - 23.04India (Madhya Pradesh) P. rewahense (225725)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (South Dakota) P. cheyennense (52084)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2Argentina (Neuquén) P. garridoi (241236)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Mexico (Coahuila) P. enochii (234984)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) P. sp., P. sp., P. sp., P. sp. (234763)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Manharashtra) P. takliense (63896)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Argentina (Río Negro) P. santarosense, P. rionegrense, P. valchetense (204229)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Maharashtra) P. sagari, P. pantii (11604)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Madhya Pradesh) P. hislopi, P. kamalam (33636)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Danian72.2 - 61.66Argentina (Neuquén) P. pichaihuensis (241077)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Argentina (Neuquén) P. pichaihuensis (241392)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Argentina (Chubut) P. patagonicum (136508)
Early/Lower Paleocene66.0 - 61.66Argentina (Chubut) Palmoxylon indet. (169902) P. sp. 1, P. sp. 2, P. patagonicum (169852)
Early/Lower Paleocene66.0 - 61.66Chile (Copiapó) P. sp. (223608)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.04India (Maharashtra) P. deccanense (225698) P. eocenum, P. mahurzari (224626) P. intertrappeum (225700) P. kamalam, P. kondhaliensis (228325) P. krishna, P. leibigianum (225723) P. nawargaonsis, P. sclerodermum, P. arviensis, P. hyphaeneoides, P. livistonoides (225724)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.04India (Andhra Pradesh) P. sundaram, P. coromandelensis (224754)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.04India (Madhya Pradesh) P. ambabgholiense (228259) P. blanfordii (225697) P. dilacunosum, P. siltherensis (227845) P. edwardsii (225699) P. ghughuensis, P. shahpuraensis (227848) P. hyphaeneoides (227853) P. intertrappeansis, P. lacunata, P. mulatiensis, P. rambhakheriense (228324) P. mandlaensis (227846) P. parapaniensis (227809) P. sclerodermum (225726) P. sp., P. chhindwarense, P. cordatum, P. dakshinense, P. feistmantelii, P. fibrosum, P. hislopii, P. invaginatum, P. kamalam, P. kraeuselii, P. maheshwarii, P. mohgaoensis, P. mohgaonensis, P. narayanae, P. parthasarathyi, P. pyriforme, P. raoi, P. scottii, P. solidum, P. umariensis, P. edwardsi, P. lacunosum, P. lelei, P. mathuri, P. pantii, P. penchense (224606) P. surangei, P. keriense, P. splendidum, P. superbum (224711)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9India (Madhya Pradesh) P. mahabalei (224641)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71USA (Oregon) P. sp. (21220)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Türkiye P. sp. (227288)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Louisiana) P. quenstedi, P. cellulosum (111357)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58India (Tamil Nadu) P. arcotense (224631) P. puratanum (224633)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Germany (Sachsen) P. sp. (27517)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63India (Uttar Pradesh) P. wadiai (227819)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Germany (Brandenburg) P. bacillare (22896) P. sp. (23352 23609)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama P. sp. (187583)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333India (West Bengal) P. coronatum (227813 228319)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58India (Gujarat) P. kachchhensis (225193)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58India (Jammu & Kashmir) P. jammuense (225701) P. wadiae (225727)