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Pennatulacea (sea pen)

Anthozoa - Pennatulacea

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2002Pennatulacea Sepkoski
2021Pennatulacea McFadden et al. p. 637
2022Pennatulacea Goedert et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
phylumCnidariaHatschek 1888
classAnthozoaEhrenberg 1834
RankNameAuthor
subclassOctocorallia
orderPennatulacea
orderPennatulacea

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Pennatulacea [sea pen]
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G. †Glyptosceptron Böhm 1891
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†Glyptosceptron zitteli Böhm 1891
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†Graphularia longissima Squires 1958
†Graphularia quadrata Voigt 1958
†Graphularia robinae McCoy 1877
†Graphularia sasai Yabe 1955
†Graphularia wetherelli Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850
G. †Pavonaria
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Locomotion: stationarysubc
Attached: yessubc
Life habit: epifaunalsubc
Diet: suspension feedersubc
Diet 2: carnivoresubc
Vision: blindc
Created: 2009-05-11 22:03:30
Modified: 2009-05-12 00:04:28
Source: subc = subclass, c = class
References: Kiessling 2004, Bambach et al. 2007

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian to the top of the Lujanian or 72.20000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma

Collections (40 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Germany Glyptosceptron zitteli (213668)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Netherlands (Limburg) Graphularia sp. (85272 85273 85274)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Netherlands Graphularia sp. (3123 32177)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Netherlands Graphularia sp. (32162)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Netherlands (Limburg) Graphularia sp. (85266)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Ukraine Graphularia quadrata (77096)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Netherlands Graphularia sp. (3122)
Danian66.0 - 61.66USA (Alabama) Graphularia sp. (2855)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Egypt Graphularia sp. (86950)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Ukraine (Krym) Graphularia quadrata (77071)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Austria (Niederösterreich) Graphularia groenwalli (87001)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Netherlands (Limburg) Graphularia sp. (85275)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Denmark Graphularia gronwalli (89866)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Austria (Salzburg) Graphularia salisburgensis (84335)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0USA (New Jersey) Graphularia ambigua (3113 124965 124966)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Graphularia sp. (3262) Graphularia wetherelli (3259)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Graphularia wetherelli (8025 8050 76601)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71United Kingdom (England) Graphularia wetherelli (42636 42644)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Graphularia wetherelli (42643 42662)
Runangan36.7 - 34.6New Zealand Graphularia longissima (89074)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Australia (South Australia) Graphularia sp. (45823)
Duntroonian27.3 - 25.2New Zealand (Otago) Graphularia longissima (85548)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Australia (Victoria) Graphularia robinae (176279)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04New Zealand (South Otago) Graphularia robinae (45653)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04New Zealand Graphularia longissima (67855)
Waitakian25.2 - 21.7New Zealand Graphularia longissima (89072)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98New Zealand (Dannevirke) Graphularia sp. (35651)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Germany (North Rhein-Westfalia) Graphularia beyrichi (61897 61898)
Lujanian0.4 - 0.0117Argentina Virgularia patagonica (204208)