PBDB Taxon

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Menoceras arikarense

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae

Taxonomy

Diceratherium arikarense was named by Barbour (1906). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Agate Springs Quarries, which is in a Harrisonian channel sandstone in the Marsland Formation of Nebraska.

It was synonymized subjectively with Diceratherium cooki by Peterson (1920); it was synonymized subjectively with Menoceras cooki by Troxell (1921), Wood (1927); it was recombined as Menoceras arikarense by Tanner (1969), Prothero and Manning (1987), Prothero (1998), Antoine et al. (2002), Prothero (2005), Antoine et al. (2010), Lu (2013).

Synonyms

Aceratherium stigeri was named by Loomis (1908).

It was synonymized subjectively with Diceratherium cooki by Peterson (1920); it was synonymized subjectively with Menoceras cooki by Troxell (1921), Wood (1927); it was synonymized subjectively with Menoceras arikarense by Prothero and Manning (1987), Prothero (2005).
Diceratherium aberrans was named by Loomis (1908).

It was synonymized subjectively with Diceratherium cooki by Peterson (1920); it was synonymized subjectively with Menoceras cooki by Troxell (1921), Wood (1927); it was synonymized subjectively with Menoceras arikarense by Prothero and Manning (1987), Prothero (2005).
Diceratherium cooki was named by Peterson (1906) [also said to be 1906]. Its type specimen is CMNH 1572, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Agate Springs Quarries, which is in a Harrisonian channel sandstone in the Marsland Formation of Nebraska.

It was recombined as Menoceras cooki by Troxell (1921), Wood (1927); it was synonymized subjectively with Menoceras arikarense by Tanner (1969), Wilson and Schiebout (1981), Prothero and Manning (1987), Prothero et al. (1989), Prothero (1998), Prothero (2005).
Diceratherium loomisi was named by Cook (1912). Its type locality is Agate Springs Quarries, which is in a Harrisonian channel sandstone in the Marsland Formation of Nebraska.

It was synonymized subjectively with Diceratherium cooki by Peterson (1920); it was synonymized subjectively with Menoceras cooki by Troxell (1921), Wood (1927); it was synonymized subjectively with Menoceras arikarense by Prothero and Manning (1987), Prothero (2005).
Diceratherium schiffi was named by Loomis (1908).

It was synonymized subjectively with Diceratherium cooki by Peterson (1920); it was synonymized subjectively with Menoceras cooki by Troxell (1921), Wood (1927); it was synonymized subjectively with Menoceras arikarense by Prothero and Manning (1987), Prothero (2005).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1906	Diceratherium arikarense Barbour p. 780
1906	Diceratherium cooki Peterson
1907	Diceratherium cooki Peterson
1908	Aceratherium stigeri Loomis
1908	Diceratherium aberrans Loomis
1908	Diceratherium schiffi Loomis
1912	Diceratherium loomisi Cook
1921	Menoceras cooki Troxell
1927	Menoceras cooki Wood
1969	Menoceras arikarense Tanner
1987	Menoceras arikarense Prothero and Manning
1998	Menoceras arikarense Prothero
2002	Menoceras arikarense Antoine et al.
2005	Menoceras arikarense Prothero p. 59
2010	Menoceras arikarense Antoine et al.
2013	Menoceras arikarense Lu

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia

Rank	Name	Author
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
—	Tapiromorpha	(Haeckel 1873)
—	Ceratomorpha	(Wood 1937)
superfamily	Rhinocerotoidea
family	Rhinocerotidae
subtribe	Elasmotheriina	()
tribe	Elasmotheriini	Dollo 1885
subtribe	Menoceratina	(Prothero et al. 1986)
genus	Menoceras	Troxell 1921
species	arikarense	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Menoceras arikarense Barbour 1906

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Invalid names: Aceratherium stigeri Loomis 1908 [synonym], Diceratherium aberrans Loomis 1908 [synonym], Diceratherium loomisi Cook 1912 [synonym], Diceratherium schiffi Loomis 1908 [synonym], Menoceras cooki Peterson 1906 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

browserf

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-08-31 17:08:31

Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Harrisonian to the top of the Barstovian or 23.10000 to 12.50000 Ma

Collections (14 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Arikareean	29.5 - 18.5	USA (Wyoming)	Menoceras cooki (17667)
Harrisonian	23.1 - 18.5	USA (Florida)	Menoceras cooki (18557)
Harrisonian	23.1 - 18.5	USA (Wyoming)	Menoceras arikarense (17793 17833 17835 17840 17854) Menoceras sp. (17788)
Harrisonian	23.1 - 18.5	USA (Nebraska)	Diceratherium arikarense, Diceratherium cooki, Diceratherium loomisi (type locality: 17741) Diceratherium cooki (17818) Diceratherium petersoni (17778) Menoceras arikarense (17805) Rhinocerotidae indet. (17845)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (Wyoming)	Menoceras arikarense (18407)