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Cygninae (swan)

Osteichthyes - Anseriformes - Anatidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1930Cygninae Hay p. 300
1933Cygninae Lambrecht p. 379
1940Cygninae Wetmore p. 19
1956Cygninae Wetmore p. 24
1964Cygninae Brodkorb p. 208
1968Cygninae Kurochkin p. 92
1972Cygninae Howard p. 9
1988Cygnini Livezey and Martin p. 208
2001Cygnini Matsuoka et al. p. 1
2008Cygnini Louchart et al. p. 158
2009Cygnini Gonzalez et al.
2014Cygnini del Hoyo et al.
2020Cygnini Worthy and Nguyen p. 76

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
RankNameAuthor
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Saurischia()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
—PangalloanseraeGauthier and de Queiroz 2001
—GalloanseraeSibley and Ahlquist 1990
superorderGalloanserimorphae
orderAnseriformesWagler 1831
familyAnatidaeVigors 1825
subfamilyAnserinaeVigors 1825
subfamilyCygninae
subfamilyCygninae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Cygninae [swan]
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G. †Afrocygnus Louchart 2005
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†Afrocygnus chauvireae Louchart 2005
G. †Annakacygna Matsuoka and Hasegawa 2022
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†Annakacygna hajimei Matsuoka and Hasegawa 2022
G. †Cygnanser Kretzoi 1957
G. Cygnus Garsault 1764
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Subg. Cygnus (Olor) Wagler 1832
+
†Cygnus (Olor) mariae Bickart 1990
Subg. Olor (Clangocycnus) Oberholser 1908
Subg. Olor (Olor) Wagler 1832
†Olor matthewi Schufeldt 1913
Subg. Cygnus (Sthenelides) Stejneger 1884
Cygnus atratus Latham 1790 [black swan]
Cygnus buccinator Richardson 1832 [trumpeter swan]
Cygnus columbianus Ord 1815 [tundra swan]
Cygnus columbianus bewickii Yarrell 1830 [Bewick's swan]
†Cygnus csakvarensis Lambrecht 1933
Cygnus cygnus Linnaeus 1758 [whooper swan]
+
Invalid names: Cygnus musicus Bechstein 1809 [synonym]
†Cygnus equitum Bate 1916
†Cygnus falconeri Parker 1865
†Cygnus herenthalsi Van Beneden 1873
†Cygnus hibbardi Brodkorb 1958
†Cygnus matthewi Shufeldt 1913
Cygnus melancoryphus Molina 1782 [Black-necked swan]
Cygnus olor Gmelin 1789 [mute swan]
†Cygnus paloregonus Cope 1878
+
Invalid names: Olor paleocygnus Lindgren 1900 [synonym]
†Cygnus pristinus Kurochkin 1971
†Cygnus sumnerensis Forbes 1889
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: freshwatersubf
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: volantsubf
Diet: folivoresubf
Diet 2: granivoresubf
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 19:20:59
Modified: 2009-01-03 21:26:40
Source: subf = subfamily, o = order
References: Sedinger 1997, Marsh 1875

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Aquitanian to the top of the Holocene or 23.04000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 20.45 Ma

Collections (72 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45Canada (Northwest Territories) Cygnini indet. (21371)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82USA (California) Megalodytes morejohni (13297)
Sarmatian12.8 - 11.63Moldova Cygnus sp. (57734)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Japan (Gunma) Annakacygna hajimei (200052) Megalodytes sp. (56950)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Belgium (Flanders) Cygnus herenthalsi (67026)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Florida) Cygnus mariae (200705)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chad Afrocygnus chauvireae (78334 192295)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) Cygnus columbianus (52582)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Australia (Queensland) Cygnus atratus (182159)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (Idaho) Cygnus hibbardi (181255)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (Oregon) Cygnus hibbardi (226540)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') Cygnus sp. (39409)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Ukraine (Odessa) Cygnus sp. (76502)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58USA (Idaho) Cygnus hibbardi (176410) Cygnus sp. (176409)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Australia (Victoria) Cygnus sp. (70574)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774United Kingdom (England) Anser sp. (58420)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117United Kingdom (Wales) Cygnus bewickii (124958)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Australia (South Australia) Cygnus sp. (28298)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Malta Cygnus falconeri, Cygnus musicus (190860)
MN 172.245 - 1.8France (Rhone-Alpes) Cygnus sp. (47150)
MN 172.245 - 1.8France (Haute-Loire) Cygnus sp. (47133)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (California) Cygnus columbianus (20327)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Florida) Cygnus buccinator (20400)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy Cygnus cygnus (197926) Cygnus equitum (197927)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Spain (Valencia) Cygnus olor (221421)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Greece Cygnus olor (187637 194474)
Middle Pleistocene - Holocene0.774 - 0.0United Kingdom Cygnus bewickii (197163)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Alabama) Cygnus sp. (84181)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Cygnus columbianus (20613)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Cygnus columbianus (20273 44954 190077)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117New Zealand (North Otago) Cygnus atratus (87789)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Cygnus columbianus (154771)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Mexico (Mexico) Cygnus sp. (192627)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117China (Hubei) Cygnus sp. (92787)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Oregon) Cygnus buccinator, Sthenelides paloregonus (93251) Olor paloregonus (176222)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Olor buccinator, Olor columbianus (154773)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Jordan Cygnus sp. (197945)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Portugal Cygnus olor (197768)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Montana) Olar buccinator (93182)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand (South Island) Cygnus sumnerensis (215392)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand Cygnus atratus (100554 194618 194619) Cygnus sumnerensis (198108 198194 198206 198207 198212)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Ohio) Cygnus buccinator (195066)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Portugal (Leiria) Cygnus sp. (275782)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Northwest Territories) Cygnus buccinator, Cygnus columbianus (228921) Cygnus columbianus (228444) Cygnus sp. (228492)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Finland Cygnus sp. (209152 209160)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Olor columbianus (104675)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Illinois) Olor buccinator (195051 195054) Olor buccinator, Olor columbianus (195052)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Nunavut) Cygnus sp., Cygnus buccinator (228927)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Åland Islands Cygnus cygnus (177177)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Russian Federation Cygnus bewickii (175940)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand (North Island) Cygnus atratus (215544)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Alaska) Olor columbianus (220460)