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Neohipparion leptode
Taxonomy
Neohipparion leptode was named by Merriam (1915). Its type specimen is UCMP 19414, a tooth (an isolated lower molar), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Thousand Creek Formation, which is in a Hemphillian terrestrial horizon in the Thousand Creek Formation of Nevada.
It was recombined as Hipparion leptode by Osborn (1918), Merriam et al. (1925) and Hay (1930); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992).
It was recombined as Hipparion leptode by Osborn (1918), Merriam et al. (1925) and Hay (1930); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1915 | Neohipparion leptode Merriam |
| 1918 | Hipparion leptode Osborn p. 197 figs. Text Fig. 161 |
| 1925 | Hipparion leptode Merriam et al. |
| 1930 | Hipparion leptode Hay |
| 1940 | Neohipparion leptode Stirton p. 183 |
| 1945 | Neohipparion leptode Stock |
| 1951 | Neohipparion leptode Stock |
| 1984 | Neohipparion leptode MacFadden p. 99 figs. 48-50, 76, 77, 147, 150 |
| 1987 | Neohipparion leptode Hulbert, Jr. p. 828 |
| 1998 | Neohipparion leptode MacFadden p. 548 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Neohipparion leptode Merriam 1915
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| H. F. Osborn 1918 | (Merriam, 1915) (1) Resemblances to Hipparion eurystyle Cope from the Clarendon formation, Paloduro Canon, Texas, but of larger size and differing in details of structure; (2) crown rather elongate, slender, relatively straight, well ce- mented, much compressed laterally; (3) metaconid-metastylid column long anteroposteriorly, narrow transversely, with wide, flat internal groove; (4) hypoconid ridge prominent; (5) a strong external protoconid ridge present. | |
| B. J. MacFadden 1984 | Sameas for the genus with the following specific characters: DPOF rudimentary or absent. Large hipparion. Mean TRL 140.95mm. Teeth relatively hypsodont. Unwom or little-worn MlMSTHT ca.46-55mm. More elongate protocones than N.affine but less elongate than N.eurystyle. Fossette borders moderately complicated. Pli caballinids well developed in the premolars but less well developed in the molars. Metaconids, metastylids, entoconids, and hypoconulids moderately expanded with rounded or angular enamel borders.
Neohipparion leptode differs from other hipparion (and all other) horse genera in the diagnostic generic characters. It difers from the merychippine outgroup, N.coloradense, and N.affine in the relatively reduced DPOF, slightly larger size and hypsodonty, and numerous dental characters, e.g., increased relative size (elongation) of protocones, development of pli caballinids (particularly in the premolars), conids and stylids, and shallower ectoflexids. N. leptode differs from N.trampasense principally in its larger size. N. leptode differs from N. eurystyle in its larger size and probably shorter crowns (less hypsodont), less elongated and less angular protocones, and, particularly in the molars, less well-developed pli caballinids and slightly deeper ectoflexids. Although N. leptode is of similar size to N. gidleyi, the former species is not as advanced in characters of the dental pattern. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, MacFadden 1998 | |||||
Age range: late Early Hemphillian or 9.40000 to 4.70000 Ma
Collections (14 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clarendonian - Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Neohipparion leptode (18181 18305 18326) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Kansas) | Neohipparion leptode (18263) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Neohipparion leptode (18086) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Oregon) | Neohipparion leptode (19015) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Oklahoma) | Neohipparion leptode (18034 18088) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nevada) | Neohipparion leptode (type locality: 19095) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | Neohipparion leptode (18072 18097 18198) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (California) | Neohipparion leptode (19582) | |
| late Early Hemphillian | USA (California) | Neohipparion leptode (156740) |