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Parahippus cognatus
Taxonomy
Anchitherium (Parahippus) cognatus was named by Leidy (1858) [type of subgenus Parahippus
treated as a nomen dubium by Macdonald 1992, but this would invalidate the genus, which he utilizes]. Its type specimen is USNM 567, a set of teeth (Three upper milk molars of the left side, dp2•3, also dp2), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Niobrara River (coll. Hayden 1857), which is in a Barstovian/Clarendonian terrestrial horizon in the Loup Fork Formation of Nebraska. It is the type species of Parahippus.
It was synonymized subjectively with Protohippus perditus by Cope (1893); it was synonymized subjectively with Merychippus perditus by Hay (1902); it was recombined as Parahippus cognatus by Leidy (1869), Gidley (1907), Gidley (1908), Osborn (1918), Schlaikjer (1937), Stirton (1940) and MacFadden (1998).
It was synonymized subjectively with Protohippus perditus by Cope (1893); it was synonymized subjectively with Merychippus perditus by Hay (1902); it was recombined as Parahippus cognatus by Leidy (1869), Gidley (1907), Gidley (1908), Osborn (1918), Schlaikjer (1937), Stirton (1940) and MacFadden (1998).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1858 | Anchitherium (Parahippus) cognatus Leidy p. 26 |
| 1869 | Parahippus cognatus Leidy p. 314 |
| 1907 | Parahippus cognatus Gidley |
| 1908 | Parahippus cognatus Gidley p. 237 |
| 1918 | Parahippus cognatus Osborn p. 94 figs. Plates 8.8, 9.5, 25.2. Text Fig. 71 |
| 1937 | Parahippus cognatus Schlaikjer p. 271 |
| 1940 | Parahippus cognatus Stirton p. 178 |
| 1998 | Parahippus cognatus MacFadden p. 546 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Parahippus cognatus Leidy 1858
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| H. F. Osborn 1918 | (Leidy, 1858, p. 26) (I) The premolar teeth of the same form as the upper deciduous molars of Meso-
hippus (Anchitherium) bairdii or A. aurelianense except that the outer extremity of the prolongation of the postero- internal lobe [metaloph] branches into several short [crochet] folds. These latter have the same arrangement as the smaller but more numerous folds in the same position in Merychippus. (Gidley. 1907, p. 881) (1) Milk teeth brachyodont; (2) cement thin or wanting; (3) inner cones [pr, hy] larger than median conules [pi, ml]. (Osborn, 1918) Crochet complicated in dp2• 3, simple in dp4 |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1991 | |||||
Age range: base of the Barstovian to the top of the Hemingfordian or 16.30000 to 15.97000 Ma
Collections (14 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | Parahippus cognatus (17990) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (South Dakota) | Parahippus cognatus (17912) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Parahippus cognatus (18027 18090 18164 18206 18208 18209 18248 18261 18275 18284 18442) | |
| Barstovian - Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Anchitherium cognatus (type locality: 190543) |