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Taxonomy
Xenocyon lycaonoides was named by Kretzoi (1938). Its type specimen is MNM FA 20 (PV4), a tooth, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Gombasek, which is in a Pleistocene terrestrial horizon in Slovakia.
It was recombined as Canis lycaonoides by Sotnikova (2001); it was recombined as Lycaon lycaonoides by Kurten (1968), Medin et al. (2017), Koufos (2022).
It was recombined as Canis lycaonoides by Sotnikova (2001); it was recombined as Lycaon lycaonoides by Kurten (1968), Medin et al. (2017), Koufos (2022).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1938 | Canis gigas Kretzoi p. 128 |
| 1938 | Xenocyon lycaonoides Kretzoi p. 128 |
| 1941 | Xenocyon gigas Kretzoi p. 112 |
| 1942 | Xenocyon spelaeoides Kretzoi p. 345 |
| 1954 | Cuon stehlini Thenius |
| 1954 | Cuon dubius stehlini Thenius p. 18 |
| 1968 | Lycaon lycaonoides Kurten p. 114 |
| 1978 | Cuon rosi Pons-Moyá and Moyá-Solá |
| 2001 | Canis lycaonoides Sotnikova |
| 2006 | Xenocyon lycaonoides Moullé et al. |
| 2008 | Xenocyon lycaonoides Wang et al. |
| 2009 | Xenocyon lycaonoides Tedford et al. p. 154 figs. 58A–C; appendix 3 |
| 2017 | Lycaon lycaonoides Medin et al. p. 29 |
| 2022 | Xenocyon lycaonoides Bartolini-Lucenti and Spassov |
| 2022 | Xenocyon lycaonoides Jiangzuo et al. |
| 2022 | Lycaon lycaonoides Koufos |
| 2022 | Xenocyon lycaonoides Madurell-Malapeira et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Xenocyon lycaonoides Kretzoi 1938
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Invalid names: Cuon dubius stehlini Thenius 1954 [synonym], Cuon rosi Pons-Moyá and Moyá-Solá 1978 [synonym], Cuon stehlini Thenius 1954 [synonym], Xenocyon gigas Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Xenocyon spelaeoides Kretzoi 1942 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| R. H. Tedford et al. 2009 | Rami distinguished from those of X. dubius Teilhard de Chardin, 1940, by larger average size; premolars not as elongate, wider, and higher crowned; p2 lacks posterior cusp; second posterior cusp on p4 smaller, often closely appressed to cingulum; m2 with metaconid smaller relative to proto- conid and narrower talonid. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002 | |||||
Age range: Irvingtonian or 1.40000 to 0.21000 Ma
Collections (24 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Russian Federation | Canis lycaonoides (197958) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Spain (Murcia) | Xenocyon rosi (34911) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Slovakia | Xenocyon lycaonoides (type locality: 230805) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Greece (Macedonia) | Canis sp. (34784) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Germany (Thuringia) | Xenocyon lycaonoides (230981) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Mongolia | Xenocyon lycaonoides (71060) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | France (Alpes Maritimes) | Xenocyon lycaonoides (50342) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Georgia | Xenocyon lycaonoides (56733) | |
| Pleistocene | Tajikistan | Canis lycaonoides (34104) | |
| Pleistocene | Belgium | Xenocyon lycaonoides (34127) | |
| Pleistocene | Greece (Chalkidiki) | Xenocyon lycaonoides (183123) | |
| Pleistocene | Georgia | Xenocyon lycaonoides (40398) | |
| Calabrian | Italy | Canis falconeri (49239) | |
| Irvingtonian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Borophagus diversidens (20563) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Czechia | Lycaon lycaonoides (230989) Xenocyon spelaeoides (36214) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) | Xenocyon lycaonoides (50196) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Canada (Yukon) | Xenocyon lycaonoides (159681) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | France | Cuon stehlini (49092) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | France (Provence) | Cuon stehlini (48891 48910 48911) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | China (Liaoning) | Xenocyon lycaonoides (230980) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Germany (Bayern) | Xenocyon lycaonoides (36220) |