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Ankylosaurus magniventris

Reptilia - Ankylosauridae

Taxonomy
Ankylosaurus magniventris was named by Brown (1908). Its type specimen is AMNH 5895, a partial skeleton (partial skull, two teeth, five cervical vertebrae, 11 dorsal vertebrae, three caudal vertebrae, right scapulocoracoid, ribs, osteoderms including portions of bo), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is upper end, Gilbert Creek, which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Hell Creek Formation of Montana. It was considered monophyletic by Vickaryous et al. (2004).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1908Ankylosaurus magniventris Abel p. 215
1908Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown p. 188
1909Anchylosaurus magniventris Sternberg p. 257
1914Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown p. 358
1915Ankylosaurus magniventris Hennig p. 14
1924Ankylosaurus magniventris Parks p. 7
1927Ankylosaurus magniventris Huene p. 261
1930Ankylosaurus magniventris Hay p. 238
1930Ankylosaurus magniventris Russell p. 144
1933Ankylosaurus magniventris Russell p. 129
1953Ankylosaurus magniventris Bohlin p. 67
1954Ankylosaurus magniventris Maleev
1956Ankylosaurus magniventris Maleev
1964Ankylosaurus magniventris Kuhn p. 45
1964Ankylosaurus magniventris Russell p. 17
1964Ankylosaurus magniventris Tatarinov p. 575
1965Ankylosaurus magniventris Simmons p. 70
1970Ankylosaurus magniventris Bodily p. 37
1970Ankylosaurus magniventris Swinton p. 247
1978Ankylosaurus magniventris Coombs p. 146 fig. 1
1980Ankylosaurus magniventris Molnar p. 81
1983Ankylosaurus magniventris Galton p. 16
1985Ankylosaurus magniventris Breithaupt p. 170
1986Ankylosaurus magniventris Coombs, Jr. p. 170
1987Ankylosaurus magniventris Tumanova p. 15
1990Ankylosaurus magniventris Coombs, Jr. p. 277
1994Ankylosaurus magniventris Derstler p. 139
1994Ankylosaurus magniventris Molnar and Wiffen p. 695
1996Ankylosaurus magniventris Coombs, Jr. and Deméré p. 319
1997Ankylosaurus magniventris Eberth p. 202
2000Ankylosaurus magniventris Ford p. 175
2001Ankylosaurus magniventris Carpenter p. 457
2001Ankylosaurus magniventris Eberth et al. p. 66
2002Ankylosaurus magniventris Buchholz p. 20
2003Ankylosaurus magniventris Garcia and Pereda-Suberbiola p. 162 fig. 7
2004Ankylosaurus magniventris Carpenter p. 962
2004Ankylosaurus magniventris Vickaryous et al. p. 365
2007Ankylosaurus magniventris Lü et al. p. 884
2007Ankylosaurus magniventris Lü et al. p. 348
2008Ankylosaurus magniventris Burns p. 1109
2008Ankylosaurus magniventris Butler et al. p. 7
2008Ankylosaurus magniventris Longrich p. 136
2011Ankylosaurus magniventris Burns and Sullivan p. 177
2011Ankylosaurus magniventris Carpenter et al. p. 5
2011Ankylosaurus magniventris Jasinski et al. p. 234
2013Ankylosaurus magniventris Arbour and Currie p. 27
2013Ankylosaurus magniventris Kirkland et al. p. 7
2013Ankylosaurus magniventris Leahey and Salisbury p. 251
2014Ankylosaurus magniventris Arbour et al. p. 2
2014Ankylosaurus magniventris Arbour et al. p. 634
2014Ankylosaurus magniventris Han et al. p. 12 fig. 9
2014Ankylosaurus magniventris Penkalski p. 618
2016Ankylosaurus magniventris Arbour and Currie p. 417–418
2016Ankylosaurus magniventris Kineer et al. p. 42
2017Ankylosaurus magniventris Arbour and Mallon p. 768
2021Ankylosaurus magniventris Breeden et al. p. 21

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
RankNameAuthor
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Ornithischia()
—Genasauria
—Thyreophora()
—Ankylosauria()
familyAnkylosauridae
subfamilyAnkylosaurinaeNopcsa 1918
genusAnkylosaurus
speciesmagniventris

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
T. A. Tumanova 1987Premaxillary beak wide, anterior oval-shaped, width less than distance between rear maxillary teeth; anterior and posterior maxillary shelves well developed, especially anterior; palatal bones and structures raised horizontally; medial section of anterior wall of pterygoids inclined posteriorly; plane of occiput inclined posteriorly; paroccipital processes inclined laterally; occipital condyle broad oval shape, inclined postero-ventrally; quadrate and paroccipital processes do not fuse.
K. Carpenter 2004Llargest known ankylosaurid, up to 6.25 m; premaxillae expanded laterally by internal sinuses, crowding external nares to lateral sides; maximum width of maxillary tooth rows same as width of premaxillary beak; external nares opposite 1st maxillary tooth; large, triangular osteoderm fused to postorbital and squamosal, directed posterodorsolaterally; large triangular osteoderm fused to jugal and quadratojugal, directed posteroventrolaterally; cranial ornamentation of large, flat polygons, including a large, diamond-shaped internarial; sharp supraorbital osteoderms continuous with squamosal osteoderm; greatest number of cheek teeth of all ankylosaurids (34–35/35–36); quadrate process of pterygoid directed laterally, not posterolaterally; cervical half-ring of three keeled plates, outermost has a laterally projecting keel; body armor includes relatively smooth textured plates, with sharp edge or lower keel along one margin.
V. M. Arbour and P. J. Currie 2016Uniquely amongst ankylosaurs, external nares open ventrolaterally with narial opening not visible in anterior view; neural spines of tail club handle vertebrae U-shaped in dorsal view (not V-shaped as in other ankylosaurids). Differs from all other ankylosaurs in possessing the following combination of characters: flat, hexagonal frontonasal caputegulae; keel of anterior and posterior supraorbital caputegulae continuous with keel of squamosal horn; 34–35/35–36 maxillary teeth (greater number of maxillary teeth than in Anodontosaurus or Euoplocephalus); compared to Anodontosaurus and Euoplocephalus, handle vertebrae of same length, neural arch of handle vertebrae in Ankylosaurus at least twice as wide as in Anodontosaurus or Euoplocephalus; tail club knob approximately as wide as long (also present in Euoplocephalus and Scolosaurus), not wider than long as in Ano- dontosaurus or longer than wide as in Dyoplosaurus.
V. M. Arbour and J. C. Mallon 2017Ankylosaurine ankylosaur with a pattern of flat, hexagonal frontonasal caputegulae. Uniquely among ankylosaurids, nasal vestibule roofed entirely by loreal caputegulum and not supranarial caputegulum as in Anodontosaurus, Euoplocephalus, Scolosaurus, Ziapelta, and Zuul; the nasal vestibule is partially roofed by the loreal and supranarial caputegulae in Nodocephalosaurus. External nares open ventrolaterally; narial opening is not visible in anterior view. Loreal caputegulum is laterally expanded and bulbous. Keel of anterior and posterior supraorbital caputegulae is continu- ous with keel of squamosal horn. 34–36 proportionally small maxillary teeth (<2% basal skull length); greater number of maxillary teeth than in Anodontosaurus or Euoplocephalus. Neural spines of tail club handle vertebrae are U-shaped in dorsal view (not V-shaped as in other ankylosaurids). Compared with the handle vertebrae of Anodontosaurus and Euoplocephalus of the same length, the neural arch of the handle vertebrae in Ankylosaurus is at least twice as wide. Tail club knob approximately as transversely wide as anteroposteriorly long (also present in Euoplocephalus and Scolosaurus), not wider than long as in Anodontosaurus or longer than wide as in Dyoplosaurus.
Body mass estimates
estimateequationreference
 6.49 tons Thyreophora femur circumferenceAnderson et al. 1985
Measurements
partNmean
femur circumference1362.0

Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: gregariouso
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: herbivoreo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2005-08-25 06:07:18
Modified: 2005-08-25 08:07:18
Source: g = genus, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995

Age range: Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 70.60000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (15 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Ankylosaurus magniventris (14534)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Ankylosaurus magniventris (14514) Ankylosaurus sp. (14541 14544 75289 75430 75435)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Ankylosaurus magniventris (type locality: 11931 45879)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Ankylosaurus magniventris (206819)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Ankylosaurus magniventris (45876) Ankylosaurus sp. (45877)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Ankylosaurus magniventris (14585) Dynamosaurus imperiosus (45878)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (South Dakota) Ankylosaurus magniventris (224484)