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Caryophyllaceae (carnation)
Taxonomy
Caryophyllaceae was named by Jussieu (1789). It is extant.
It was assigned to Centrospermae by Chandler (1963); and to Caryophyllales by Berchtold and Presl (1820), Mabberley (2000), The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
It was assigned to Centrospermae by Chandler (1963); and to Caryophyllales by Berchtold and Presl (1820), Mabberley (2000), The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1789 | Caryophyllaceae Jussieu p. 299 |
| 1820 | Caryophyllaceae Berchtold and Presl p. 239 |
| 1963 | Caryophyllaceae Chandler p. 78 |
| 2000 | Caryophyllaceae Mabberley |
| 2016 | Caryophyllaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 18 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Caryophyllaceae Jussieu 1789 [carnation]
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G. †Caryophylloflora Jordan and Macphail 2003
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†Caryophylloflora paleogenica Jordan and Macphail 2003
G. †Centrospermocarpon Sheikh and Khubalkar 1982
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†Centrospermocarpon chitaleyi Sheikh and Khubalkar 1982
G. Cerastium Linnaeus 1753 [chickweed]
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Cerastium alpinum Linnaeus 1753
Cerastium aquaticum Linnaeus 1753
Cerastium arvense Linnaeus 1753
Cerastium dichotomum Linnaeus 1753
Cerastium latifolium Linnaeus 1753
Cerastium maximum Linnaeus 1753
Cerastium pentandrum Linnaeus 1753
Cerastium perfoliatum Linnaeus 1753
Cerastium repens Linnaeus 1753
Cerastium semidecandrum Linnaeus 1753
Cerastium strictum Linnaeus 1753
Cerastium suffruticosum Linnaeus 1753
Cerastium tomentosum Linnaeus 1753
Cerastium viscosum Linnaeus 1753
G. Cucubalus Linnaeus 1753
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Cucubalus acaulis Linnaeus 1753
Cucubalus aegyptiacus Linnaeus 1753
Cucubalus baccifer Linnaeus 1753
Cucubalus behen Linnaeus 1753
Cucubalus catholicus Linnaeus 1753
Cucubalus fabarius Linnaeus 1753
Cucubalus otites Linnaeus 1753
†Cucubalus prebaccifer Huang et al. 2013
Cucubalus quadrifidus Linnaeus 1753
Cucubalus reflexus Linnaeus 1753
Cucubalus stellatus Linnaeus 1753
Cucubalus tataricus Linnaeus 1753
Cucubalus viscosus Linnaeus 1753
G. Dianthus Linnaeus 1753
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Dianthus alpinus Linnaeus 1753
Dianthus arboreus Linnaeus 1753
Dianthus arenarius Linnaeus 1753
Dianthus armeria Linnaeus 1753
Dianthus barbatus Linnaeus 1753
Dianthus carthusianorum Linnaeus 1753
Dianthus caryophyllus Linnaeus 1753
Dianthus chinensis Linnaeus 1753
Dianthus deltoides Linnaeus 1753
Dianthus fruticosus Linnaeus 1753
Dianthus glaucus Linnaeus 1753
Dianthus plumarius Linnaeus 1753
Dianthus prolifer Linnaeus 1753
Dianthus saxifragus Linnaeus 1753
G. Gypsophila Linnaeus 1753 [baby's breath]
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Gypsophila aggregata Linnaeus 1753
Gypsophila altissima Linnaeus 1753
Gypsophila fastigiata Linnaeus 1753
Gypsophila muralis Linnaeus 1753
Gypsophila paniculata Linnaeus 1753
Gypsophila perfoliata Linnaeus 1753
Gypsophila repens Linnaeus 1753
Gypsophila rigida Linnaeus 1753
G. Krauseola Pax and Hoffmann 1934
G. Pseudostellaria Pax 1934
G. Spergula Linnaeus 1753 [spurrey]
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Spergula arvensis Linnaeus 1753
Spergula laricina Linnaeus 1753
Spergula nodosa Linnaeus 1753
Spergula pentandra Linnaeus 1753
Spergula saginoides Linnaeus 1753
G. Stellaria Linnaeus 1753
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Stellaria biflora Linnaeus 1753
Stellaria cerastoides Linnaeus 1753
Stellaria dichotoma Linnaeus 1753
Stellaria graminea Linnaeus 1753
Stellaria holostea Linnaeus 1753
Stellaria media Linnaeus 1753
Stellaria nemorum Linnaeus 1753
Stellaria petiolaris von Handel-Mazzetti 1940
G. Viscaria Bernhardi 1800
Invalid names: Alsinaceae [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bridgerian to the top of the Holocene or 50.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma
Collections (71 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paleogene | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Centrospermocarpon chitaleyi, Dianthus sp. (224606) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | India (Meghalaya) | Caryophyllaceaepites eocenica (224747) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Colorado) | Alsinites revelatus (122747) | |
| Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene | Australia (Tasmania) | Caryophylloflora paleogenica (31570) | |
| Miocene | Japan (Aichi) | Stellaria sp. (22820) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Germany (North Rhine) | Stellaria media (28046) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | France (Elsass) | Stellaria holostea (21222) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan | USA (Tennessee) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (26574) | |
| Pliocene | Portugal | Caryophyllaceae indet. (232121 232125) | |
| Pliocene | USA (Massachusetts) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (231796) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | China (Yunnan) | Cucubalus prebaccifer (224540) Stellaria media, Stellaria petiolaris (224476) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Russian Federation (Omsk) | Stellaria aquatica (24096) | |
| Piacenzian | Germany (Thuringia) | Gypsophila semisphaerica, Minuartia pliocenica (22778) Stellaria holostea (22779) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Australia (Victoria) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (172832 172833 172868 172870 172873 172874 172875 172876 172877 172881 172882 172883 172884) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene | Australia (Tasmania) | Stellaria sp. (166707) | |
| Pleistocene | India (West Bengal) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (224677 228819) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Jammu & Kashmir) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (225945) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Kashmir) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (224613 224614 224715) | |
| Pleistocene | Australia (Queensland) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (168918) | |
| Pleistocene | Greenland | Cerastium arcticum, Minuartia sp. (227055) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (228772 228956) | |
| Quaternary | India (Assam) | Stellaria sp. (228813 228814 228815 228817) | |
| Quaternary | India (Uttarakhand) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (228809) | |
| Quaternary | India (Gujarat) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (228786) | |
| Quaternary | India (Rajasthan) | Spergula rubra (228785) | |
| Quaternary | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (228760 228761 228776) | |
| Quaternary | India (Maharashtra) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (228787) | |
| Quaternary | India (Tamil Nadu) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (228792 228848 228849) | |
| Quaternary | India (West Bengal) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (228793 228795 228821) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (228782) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Italy | Caryophyllaceae indet. (38321) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Washington) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (93677) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | United Kingdom (Worcestershire) | Caryophyllaceae indet., Dianthus carthusianorum (163075) Caryophyllaceae indet., Dianthus carthusianorum, Cerastium arvense, Viscaria alpina (163070) | |
| Holocene | India (Gujarat) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (228791) | |
| Holocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Caryophyllaceae sp. (136951) | |
| Holocene | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (228783) | |
| Holocene | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (228780 228781) | |
| Holocene | India (Uttar Pradesh) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (228820) | |
| Holocene | India (Tamil Nadu) | Caryophyllaceae indet. (228788) | |
| Holocene | India (Uttarakhand) | Caryophyllaceae indet., Cerastium sp. (228763) Caryophyllaceae indet., Cerastium sp., Spergula sp. (228762) |