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Ebenaceae
Taxonomy
Ebenaceae was named by Guerke (1891).
It was assigned to Ebenales by Knowlton (1919), Knowlton (1926), MacGinitie (1941); to Dicotyledones by Chandler (1962); to Theales by Mabberley (2000); to Cornales by Taylor et al. (2008); and to Ericales by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
It was assigned to Ebenales by Knowlton (1919), Knowlton (1926), MacGinitie (1941); to Dicotyledones by Chandler (1962); to Theales by Mabberley (2000); to Cornales by Taylor et al. (2008); and to Ericales by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1891 | Ebenaceae Guerke |
| 1919 | Ebenaceae Knowlton |
| 1926 | Ebenaceae Knowlton |
| 1941 | Ebenaceae MacGinitie |
| 1962 | Ebenaceae Chandler p. 133 |
| 2000 | Ebenaceae Mabberley |
| 2008 | Ebenaceae Taylor et al. p. 1030 |
| 2016 | Ebenaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 19 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Ebenaceae Guerke 1891
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G. †Austrodiospyros Basinger and Christophel 1985
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†Austrodiospyros cryptostoma Basinger and Christophel 1985
G. Diospyros Linnaeus 1753
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Diospyros ambigua Ventenat 1803
†Diospyros anceps Heer 1859
†Diospyros andersonae Knowlton 1926
†Diospyros apiculata Lesquereux 1891
†Diospyros brachysepala Braun 1845
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Invalid names: Andromeda dubia Lesquereux 1859 [synonym], Diospyros princetonia Cockerell 1906 [synonym], Rhamnus inaequalis Lesquereux 1873 [synonym]
†Diospyros celastroides Lesquereux 1891
†Diospyros darwajensis Prasad et al. 1990
†Diospyros elliptica Knowlton 1902
†Diospyros embryopterisites Varma 1968
†Diospyros eminens Dawson 1893
†Diospyros ficoidea Lesquereux 1875
Diospyros foliosa Bakhuizen 1941
†Diospyros haguei Knowlton 1899
†Diospyros headonensis Chandler 1961
†Diospyros hexaphylla Lesquereux 1872
†Diospyros judithae Knowlton 1916
†Diospyros kathgodamensis Prasad 1994
†Diospyros koilabasensis Prasad 1990
†Diospyros lamarensis Knowlton 1899
†Diospyros leei Knowlton 1917
†Diospyros lesquereuxi Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
Diospyros lotus Linnaeus 1753
†Diospyros microcalyx Knowlton 1926
Diospyros microphylla Beddome 1872
†Diospyros miocenicus Prasad and Awasthi 1996
†Diospyros miokaki Awasthi and Prasad 1990
†Diospyros nainitalensis Prasad et al. 2004
†Diospyros nebraskana Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
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Invalid names: Diospyros ambigua Lesquereux 1883 [replaced]
†Diospyros nitida Dawson 1882
†Diospyros obtusata Ward 1885
†Diospyros palaeoebenum Prasad 1994
†Diospyros palaeoeriantha Prasad et al. 2004
†Diospyros pretoposia Prasad 1990
†Diospyros primaeva Heer 1866
†Diospyros prodromus Heer 1882
†Diospyros provecta Velenovsky 1884
†Diospyros pseudoanceps Lesquereux 1891
†Diospyros purniyagiriensis Shashi et al. 2007
†Diospyros raritanensis Berry 1910
†Diospyros retinervis MacGinitie 1941
Diospyros rotundifolia Hiern 1873
†Diospyros rotundifolius Lesquereux 1874
†Diospyros steenstrupi Heer 1883
†Diospyros stenosepala Heer 1869
†Diospyros vancouverensis Dawson 1882
†Diospyros vera Berry 1911
Diospyros virginiana Linnaeus 1753
†Diospyros wilcoxiana Berry 1916
G. †Ebenoxylon Felix 1882
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†Ebenoxylon arcotense Awasthi 1970
†Ebenoxylon boreale Platen 1907
†Ebenoxylon deccanensis Trivedi and Srivastava 1982
†Ebenoxylon diospyroides Felix 1882
†Ebenoxylon indicum Ghosh and Kazmi 1958
†Ebenoxylon kartikcherrense Prakash and Tripathi 1970
†Ebenoxylon miocenicum Prakash 1978
†Ebenoxylon mohgaonse Chitaley and Patil 1972
†Ebenoxylon obliquiporosum Awasthi and Ahuja 1982
†Ebenoxylon siwalicus Prakash 1981
†Ebenoxylon speciosum Platen 1907
Invalid names: Ebenoxylon kalagarhense Trivedi and Misra 1983 [nomen nudum], Ebenoxylon mahurzarii Paradkar and Vinchurne 1971 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Cenomanian to the top of the Pleistocene or 100.50000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma
Collections (72 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albian - Cenomanian | Russian Federation | Diospyros streenstrupii (34796) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Canada (British Columbia) | Diospyros lesquereuxi (35067) | |
| Campanian | USA (South Carolina) | Diospyros primaeva (210091 210093 210094 210095) Diospyros rotundifolia, Diospyros primaeva (210092) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Diospyros stenosepala (35579) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Wyoming) | Calycites hexaphylla (40088) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Montana) | Calycites hexaphylla (53964 53965) | |
| Paleogene | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Ebenoxylon deccanensis, Ebenoxylon mohgaonse (224606) | |
| Paleogene | India (Maharashtra) | Ebenoxylon mahurzarii (224626) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | Canada (British Columbia) | Diospyros dawsoni (227791) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Diospyros eocenica, Diospyros pleadum (22811) Diospyros headonensis (23398) | |
| Eocene | Japan (Yamaguchi) | Diospyros lanceolata (24472 24474) Diospyros lanceolata, Diospyros ubensis (24481) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (California) | Diospyros retinervis (23995 23998) | |
| Middle Eocene | Australia (Victoria) | Ebenaceae indet. (166973) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Wyoming) | Diospyros brachysepala (24154) Diospyros haguei (24087) Diospyros lamarensis (24198 35583) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Australia (Victoria) | Ebenaceae indet. (166980 167130) Ebenaceae indet., E. spp., Austrodiospyros cryptostoma (166824) | |
| Priabonian | United Kingdom (England) | Diospyros headonensis (27663) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene | Australia (Victoria) | Diospyros sp. (169006 169007 169237) | |
| Rupelian - Tertiary | Germany (Brandenburg) | Diospyros rugosa (24318) | |
| Chattian | France (Bouches-Du-Rhone) | Diospyros rugosa (113682) | |
| Miocene - Oligocene | USA (Montana) | Diospyros oregoniana (23975) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Brazil (Para) | Diospyros sculpta (112580) | |
| Miocene | India (Kerala) | Ebenoxylon obliquiporosum (224891) | |
| Miocene | India (Tamil Nadu) | Diospyros sp., Ebenoxylon arcotense (224618) | |
| Miocene | India (Maharashtra) | Diospyros sp., Diospyros foliosa, Diospyros microphylla (227811) | |
| Miocene | USA (Washington) | Diospyros andersonae, Diospyros microcalyx (224391) | |
| Miocene | Nepal | Diospyros koilabasensis, Diospyros pretoposia, Diospyros darwajensis (222898) | |
| Miocene | USA (Montana) | Diospyros oregoniana (23973) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Nepal | Diospyros miokaki, Diospyros miocenicus (222975) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | India (Uttarakhand) | Diospyros embryopterisites (222793) Diospyros palaeoebenum, Diospyros purniyagiriensis (222808) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Uganda | Diospyros sp. (22390) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | India (West Bengal) | Diospyros koilabasensis (223486) | |
| Neogene | India (Tamil Nadu) | Ebenoxylon arcotense (224633) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Nevada) | Diospyros oregonianum (27701) | |
| Burdigalian | China (Shandong) | Diospyros miokaki (223803) | |
| Barstovian - Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Diospyros miotexana (23401) | |
| Langhian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Diospyros rugosa (23043) | |
| MN 5 | Switzerland (Zürich) | Diospyros brachysepala (46225) | |
| Middle Miocene | Taiwan | Diospyros sp. (223908) | |
| Middle Miocene | India (Uttar Pradesh) | Ebenoxylon kalagarhense, Ebenoxylon miocenicum, Ebenoxylon siwalicus (227819) | |
| Middle Miocene | India (Uttarakhand) | Diospyros kathgodamensis, Diospyros palaeoebenum, Diospyros nainitalensis, Diospyros palaeoeriantha (222797) | |
| Middle Miocene | USA (California) | Diospyros oregoniana, Phyllites ellipticus (35412) | |
| Middle Miocene | India (Arunachal Pradesh) | Ebenoxylon indicum (224743) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | India (Assam) | Ebenoxylon kartikcherrense (225198) | |
| Pliocene - Calabrian | Tanzania | Ebenaceae indet. (22335) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | Congo-Kinshasa | Diospyros sp. (22346) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Australia (Victoria) | Diospyros indet. (172883 172884) | |
| Pleistocene | Australia (Queensland) | Ebenaceae indet. (168888 168889 168891 168893 168904) | |
| Calabrian | Tanzania | Ebenaceae indet. (22336) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Australia (Queensland) | Ebenaceae indet. (168747 168751) |