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Ephedraceae (jointfir)
Taxonomy
Ephedraceae was named by Dumortier (1829). It is extant. Its type is Ephedra.
It was assigned to Gnetopsida by Mabberley (2000); to Gnetales by Cladera et al. (2007), Wang and Zheng (2010); and to Ephedrales by Dumortier (1829), Meyen (1984), Christenhusz et al. (2011), Yang et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Gnetopsida by Mabberley (2000); to Gnetales by Cladera et al. (2007), Wang and Zheng (2010); and to Ephedrales by Dumortier (1829), Meyen (1984), Christenhusz et al. (2011), Yang et al. (2018).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1829 | Ephedraceae Dumortier pp. 11, 12 |
| 1984 | Ephedraceae Meyen p. 89 |
| 2000 | Ephedraceae Mabberley |
| 2007 | Ephedraceae Cladera et al. |
| 2010 | Ephedraceae Wang and Zheng |
| 2011 | Ephedraceae Christenhusz et al. |
| 2018 | Ephedraceae Yang et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Ephedraceae Dumortier 1829 [jointfir]
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G. Ephedra Linnaeus 1753
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Ephedra distachya Linnaeus 1753
†Ephedra hongtaoi Wang and Zheng 2010
Ephedra monostachya Linnaeus 1753
G. †Ephedrites Göppert and Berendt 1845
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†Ephedrites johnianus Goeppert and Berendt 1845
†Ephedrites vernonensis Fontaine 1905
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Callovian to the top of the Holocene or 165.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 161.5 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 161.5 Ma
Collections (99 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Callovian | France | Ephedrites antiquus (24396) | |
| Barremian | China (Liaoning) | Ephedra hongtaoi (242115) | |
| Aptian | Mexico (Chiapas) | Ephedra sp. (68835) | |
| Aptian | China (Liaoning) | Eamesia chinensis (242116) | |
| Aptian | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Ephedra verticillata (150879) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Danian | Antarctica | Ephedra notensis (168697) | |
| Early/Lower Paleocene - Danian | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | Ephedra notensis (168705) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Missouri) | Ephedra voluta type (231963 231965 232056) | |
| Paleocene - Eocene | USA (Virginia) | Ephedra voluta (233017) | |
| Eocene | USA (Missouri) | Ephedra claricristata (231933) Ephedra hungarica (231931) | |
| Middle Eocene | Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) | Ephedra sp. (169358) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Virginia) | Ephedra fusiformis (231698) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Alabama) | Ephedra hungarica type (236389) | |
| Chadronian | USA (Colorado) | Ephedra miocenica (24209) | |
| Oligocene - Miocene | USA (Maryland) | Ephedra sp. (231836) | |
| Chattian | Azerbaijan | Ephedra sp. (116637) | |
| Aquitanian | Azerbaijan | Ephedra sp. (116623 116633) | |
| Miocene | North Atlantic | Ephedra fragilis (263230) | |
| Miocene | USA (Maryland) | Ephedra sp. (231835) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | North Atlantic | Ephedra fragilis (263458) | |
| Burdigalian | Azerbaijan | Ephedra sp. (116625 116627 116629 116635) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Poland (Silesia) | Ephedra fragilis (28443) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Virginia) | Ephedra sp. (126605) | |
| Tortonian | Türkiye (Yalova) | Ephedra sp. (184470) | |
| Pliocene | North Atlantic | Ephedra fragilis (263226 263227 265143) | |
| Pliocene | Portugal | Ephedra sp. (232124) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Kashmir) | Ephedra sp. (224612 224613 224614 224751) | |
| Pleistocene | North Atlantic | Ephedra distachya (262359 262360 262421 264295 264728 264731 264944 264946 264947 265140) Ephedra fragilis (262358 263223 263297 263639 263640 264291 264381 264382 264729 264730 264735 264949 265139) Ephedra fragilis, Ephedra distachya (262361 262420 262422 263298 263457 264292 264293 264294 264296 264384 264732 264734 264945 264948 265136 265456) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | North Atlantic | Ephedra distachya (264727) Ephedra fragilis (264943) Ephedra fragilis, Ephedra distachya (262356 264289) | |
| Quaternary | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Ephedra sp. (228760 228761 228776) | |
| Quaternary | India (Rajasthan) | Ephedra sp. (228785 228789 228811 228812) | |
| Ionian (interglacial) | Italy (Apulia) | Ephedra sp. (157640) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Italy | Ephedra sp. (38321) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Washington) | Ephedra sp. (93677) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Utah) | Ephedra viridis (93326) | |
| Holocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Ephedra sp. (136951) | |
| Holocene | North Atlantic | Ephedra fragilis (264380) | |
| Holocene | India (Uttarakhand) | Ephedra sp. (228762 228763) | |
| Holocene | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Ephedra sp. (228780 228781) |