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Buxales

Angiospermae - Buxales

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1996Buxales Takhtajan
2000Buxales Mabberley
2009Buxales The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
2016Buxales The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
2020Buxales Vallati et al. p. 5
2022Buxales Vera et al.
2023Buxales Perez Loinaze et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
—Mesangiosperms
RankNameAuthor
—EudicotsDoyle and Hotton 1991
orderBuxalesTakhtajan 1996
orderBuxalesTakhtajan 1996

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Buxales Takhtajan 1996
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G. †Buttinia Boltenhagen 1967
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†Buttinia andreevi Boltenhagen 1967
Fm. Buxaceae Dumortier 1822 [boxwood]
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G. Buxus Linnaeus 1753 [boxwood]
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†Buxus egeriana Kvaček and Bužek 1982
†Buxus ningmingensis Ma and Sun 2015
Buxus papillosa Schneider 1907
†Buxus pliocenica Saporta and Marion 1876
†Buxus pliosinica Huang et al. 2018
†Buxus preaustroyunnanensis Ma and Sun 2015
†Buxus protojaponica Tanai and Onoe 1961
Buxus sempervirens Linnaeus 1753
Buxus wallichiana Baillon 1859
G. †Erdtmanipollis Krutzsch 1962
G. Sarcococca Lindley 1826 [sweet box]
Invalid names: Haptanthaceae Nelson 2002 [synonym]
Fm. †Didymelaceae Leandri
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G. †Hexaporotricolpites Boltenhagen 1967
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†Hexaporotricolpites coronatus Jardiné et al. 1972
†Hexaporotricolpites emelianovi Boltenhagen 1967
†Hexaporotricolpites potoniei Boltenhagen 1969
G. †Schizocolpus Stover and Partridge 1973
G. †Polypodiidites Potonié 1966
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†Polypodiidites horridus Blackhouse 1978
†Polypodiidites ratnamii Ramanujam 1967
†Polypodiidites speciosus Archangelsky 1972
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Invalid names: Verrucatosporites speciosus Harris 1965 [replaced]
G. †Spanomera Drinnan et al. 1991
G. †Tuberculatosporites Imgrund 1952
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†Tuberculatosporites parvus Archangelsky 1972
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Pennsylvanian to the top of the Villafranchian or 315.20000 to 1.80000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 307.0 Ma

Collections (264 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Bashkirian - Gzhelian323.4 - 298.9USA (Illinois) Tuberculatosporites robustus (23563 23577 23707)
Middle Pennsylvanian315.2 - 307.0USA (Missouri) Tuberculatosporites robustus (127215)
Middle Pennsylvanian315.2 - 307.0USA (Illinois) Tuberculatosporites robustus (127303)
Late/Upper Pennsylvanian - Middle Pennsylvanian307.0 - 307.0USA (Indiana) Tuberculatosporites robustus (127209)
Late/Upper Pennsylvanian - Middle Pennsylvanian307.0 - 307.0USA (Ohio) Tuberculatosporites robustus (126960 126961)
Late/Upper Pennsylvanian - Middle Pennsylvanian307.0 - 307.0USA (Illinois) Tuberculatosporites robustus (127217)
Late/Upper Pennsylvanian307.0 - 298.9USA (Oklahoma) Tuberculatosporites robustus (127156)
Late/Upper Pennsylvanian307.0 - 298.9USA (Illinois) Tuberculatosporites robustus (126968)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51USA (Oklahoma) Tuberculatosporites sp. (24882)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.4Antarctica Tuberculatosporites aberdarensis (31342)
Aptian121.4 - 113.2Argentina (Santa Cruz) Polypodiidites sp. A, Polypodiidites sp. B (150335) Tuberculatosporites sp. A, Polypodiidites sp. A (149982)
Aptian - Albian121.4 - 100.5Argentina (Santa Cruz) Polypodiidites sp. (150615)
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2Brazil (Maranhão) Tuberculatosporites sp. 1, Tuberculatosporites sp. 2 (150515)
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2Argentina (Santa Cruz) Tuberculatosporites sp. A (149927)
Early/Lower Albian - Middle Albian113.2 - 106.3Brazil (Maranhao) Hexaporotricolpites lamellaferus (142284 142285 142286 142287 142288 142289 142290 142291 142292 142293 142294 142295 142296 142297 142298)
Albian - Cenomanian113.2 - 93.9Nigeria (Maiduguri) Hexaporotricolpites emelianovi (139254 139255 139256 139257 139258 139259 139260 139263 139265 139266 139267 139268 139269 139271 139272 139273 139275 139277 139278 139279 139280)
Early/Lower Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian113.2 - 93.9Argentina (Santa Cruz) Tuberculatosporites sp. A (149928)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5USA (Maryland) Spanomera marylandensis (28408)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian106.3 - 93.9Brazil (Maranhao) Hexaporotricolpites emelianovi (144218 144219 144220 144221 144223 144226) Hexaporotricolpites emelianovi, Hexaporotricolpites potoniei (144216 144217 144222) Hexaporotricolpites lamellaferus (142277 142278 142279 142280 142281 142282 142283)
Late/Upper Albian - Middle Cenomanian106.3 - 93.9Nigeria (Gambe) Hexaporotricolpites potoniei (144198)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Maryland) Spanomera mauldinensis sp. nov. (31101)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Brazil (Barreirinhas) Hexaporotricolpites emelianovi (144294 144296)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Nigeria (Gambe) Hexaporotricolpites emelionovi (144199)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9South Sudan Hexaporotricolpites emelianovii (199987 199991)
Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Brazil (Maranhao) Hexaporotricolpites lamellaferus (139464 142276)
Cenomanian - Turonian100.5 - 89.8Brazil (Sergipe) Hexaporotricolpites emelianovi (144278 144279 144281 144282)
Senonian100.5 - 66.0Brazil (Alagoas) Buttinia andreevi (142303 142304 142305) Hexaporotricolpites muellerii (142302)
Late/Upper Cretaceous - Early/Lower Paleocene100.5 - 61.66Argentina (Chubut) Polypodiidites speciosus (195707)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Nigeria (Gambe) Hexaporotricolpites emelionovi (144201)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Erdtmanipollis procumbentiformis (22659 36264 55352)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Montana) Erdtmanipollis procumbentiformis (73891)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Argentina (Mendoza) Tuberculatosporites parvus (168549)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Polypodiidites sp., Erdtmanipollis procumbentiformis (52072)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Antarctica Schizocolpus sp. (150271)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Alaska) Erdtmanipollis procumbentiformis (51889)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Tuberculatosporites parvus (206968 231737 231738 231742 240579 240581 240583)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Romania (Hunedoara) Polypodiidites sp. (67818)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Buttinia andreevi (220171 233992)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0South Sudan Buttinia andreevi (199947 199948)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Polypodiidites sp. (168393 168394) Tuberculatosporites parvus, Polypodiidites speciosus (199410 239890 239891) Tuberculatosporites parvus, Schizocolpus sp. (150882)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Erdtmanipollis cretaceus (234420 234421 234573 234574 234585 234587 234588 234599 234600 234616 234618 234619 234620)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Alaska) Erdtmanipollis spp. (238299 238301 238303 238304)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Polypodiidites sp. 1 (240042) Polypodiidites sp. 1, Polypodiidites speciosus (240046 240047 240048 240054) Polypodiidites speciosus (168708 168710 239941 240032 240033 240037 240039 240041 240056) Tuberculatosporites parvus (240528) Tuberculatosporites parvus, Polypodiidites speciosus (240058)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Argentina (Chubut) Polypodiidites speciosus (151454 151455 151457 172890) Tuberculatosporites parvus (136508 167921 167922) Tuberculatosporites parvus, Polypodiidites sp. (152264) Tuberculatosporites parvus, Polypodiidites speciosus (239892)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Argentina (Santa Cruz) Polypodiidites speciosus (240081 240086 240087 240526) Tuberculatosporites parvus, Polypodiidites sp. 1, Polypodiidites speciosus (240088) Tuberculatosporites parvus, Polypodiidites speciosus (240089)
Danian66.0 - 61.66USA (North Dakota) Erdtmanipollis cretaceus (234594 234610 234624)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Canada (Manitoba) Erdtmanipollis procumbentiformis (232096)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (Alaska) Erdtmanipollis sp. (238374) Erdtmanipollis spp. (238288)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Venezuela (Zulia) Verrucatosporites speciosus (151711)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0Venezuela (Zulia) Verrucatosporites speciosus (151742 151758 151764)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Venezuela (Zulia) Verrucatosporites speciosus (151766 151769 151772 151774 151775 151776 151777 151779 151780 151781 151783 151784 151786 151787 151788 151789 151790 151791 151792 151793 151794 151795 151796 151798 151799 151800 151802 151804 151806 151808 151809 151811 151812 151818 151819 151820 151821 151822 151823 151824 151825 151826 151827 151828 151829 151830 151831 151832 151833 151834)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Australia (Tasmania) Schizocolpus rarus (166741)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Canada (British Columbia) Erdtmanipollis pachysandroides (227994)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Argentina (Santa Cruz) Polypodiidites speciosus (167899) Tuberculatosporites parvus (167896 167897 167902 167903)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene48.07 - 33.9Argentina (Neuquén) Tuberculatosporites sp. (136911)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Australia (Tasmania) Polypodiidites sp. (166832)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Buxus egeriana (68021)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04Argentina (Santa Cruz) Polypodiidites inangahuensis (151587)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene27.3 - 15.98Australia (Tasmania) Polypodiidites inungahuensis (167314) Polypodiidites perverrucatus (166703)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Middle Miocene27.3 - 11.63Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) Tuberculatosporites parvus (169381)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45Azerbaijan Buxaceae indet. (116623)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) Polypodiidites radiatus (144140)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.04 - 11.63Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) Tuberculatosporites parvus (166708)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Japan (Gifu) Buxus protojaponica (222791)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333China (Hebei) Buxus sempervirens (223818)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333China (Zhejiang) Buxus protojaponica (224041)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333India (Tamil Nadu) Polypodiidites delicatissimus, Polypodiidites magniverrucosus, Polypodiidites ratnamii (224618)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Japan (Nagano) Buxus protojaponica (22796)
Langhian - Serravallian15.98 - 11.63Poland (Silesia) Buxus sempervirens (28442) Buxus sp. (28443)
Langhian - Messinian15.98 - 5.333Japan (Hirakata) Buxus protojaponica (22744)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Argentina (Catamarca) Tuberculatosporites sp., Tuberculatosporites parvus (137142)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.63 - 3.6Japan (Kouwa-cho) Buxus japonica (22827)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Portugal Buxus sp. (232125 232126 232144)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58China (Yunnan) Buxus pliosinica (224479)
Villafranchian3.55 - 1.8Slovakia Buxus sp. (41029)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.58 - 0.129Australia (Tasmania) Polypodiidites perverrucatus (166707)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117India (Kashmir) Buxus papillosa, Buxus wallichiana (224612) Buxus sempervirens, Buxus papillosa, Buxus wallichiana (224613)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Tamil Nadu) Buxus sp. (228792) Sarcococca sp. (228848)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Himachal Pradesh) Buxus sp. (228760 228761)